May9 M1-Infections in Otolaryngology Flashcards
(EXAM) most common organisms causing otitis externa
- pseudomonas
- staph aureus
(EXAM) only Abx that is safe in case of eardrum perforation (if you want to treat otitis externa for example)
quinolone
aminoglycoside = dizziness, hearing loss
(EXAM) considerations if otitis externa drainage persists for more than 10 days and symptoms dont get better
other cause than bacterial
- fungal infection
- tumor blocking canal (cancer)
- cholesteatoma (chronic ear condition)
(EXAM) 2 most common pathogens of fungal otitis (10% of otitis externa)
- aspergillus #1
- candida #2
(EXAM) eardrum perforation: can you use acetic acid to treat fungal otitis with eardrum perforation
NO. can cause hearing loss
(EXAM) 2 most common organisms causing otitis media
- Strep pneumo #1
- Haemophilus influenza #2
(EXAM) first line treatment for otitis media and what do you use in case of allergy
- amoxicillin
- macrolides if amoxicillin (penicillin) allergy
(EXAM) classification of sinusitis
acute = lasting <30 days subacute = 30-90 days chronic = >90 days
management of sinusitis
Abx + decongestant to allow drainage and opening
typical sign of acute sinusitis
when bend head down, in acute sinusitis, feel pressure and pain and sometimes dental pain on the face
(EXAM) 2 main organisms causing acute sinusitis
-Strep pneumo #1
-Haemophilus influenza #2
(like otitis media)
(imp?) treatment of acute sinusitis (1st line and 2nd line Abx)
- 1st line Abx = amoxicillin, doxycyline
- 2nd line = clarithromycin, azythromycin, clinda, cepro, levo, etc.
(imp?) refractory chronic sinusitis typical organism
staph aureus
how pathogens change as sinusitis advances from acute to chronic
- virus (until 10 days)
- aerobes (until 3 months)
- anaerobes (over 3 months)
(EXAM) most common culprit of parotitis (parotid gland infection) and tx
STAPH AUREUS
-tx=Abx
(symptoms = dehydrated, elderly, swollen cheek, don’t want to be touched, due to salivary stasis)
