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Bloc G - Infection > Apr27 M1-GI protozoa > Flashcards

Apr27 M1-GI protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

neglected tropical diseases (more mortality, life-years lost than malaria) list

A
  • ascariasis (worm)
  • trichuriasis (worm)
  • hookworm (worm)
  • schistosomiasis (worm)
  • lymphatic filariasis (worm)
  • onchocerciasis (type of malaria)
  • leishmaniasis (protozoa)
  • Chaga’s disease (protozoa)
  • human African trypanosomiasis
  • dracunculiasis
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2
Q

what problems do neglected tropical diseases cause

A
  • premature death
  • infections
  • diarrhea
  • children are weaker to all parasitic infections (bc weaker immune system)
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3
Q

4 divisions of worms

A
  • protozoa
  • cestodes
  • nematodes
  • trematodes
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4
Q

5 pathological intestinal protozoa

A
  • entamoeba histolytica
  • giarda lamblia
  • isospora
  • cryptosporidium
  • cyclopsora
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5
Q

protozoa eukaryotes or prokaryotes + how classified

A
  • eukaryotes

- classified by morphology (organelles of locomotion, life cycle, mechanisms of reproduction)

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6
Q

2 categories of intestinal protozoa

A

pathogenic and commensals

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7
Q

2 stages of protozoa and 1 event that follows

A

-trophozoite (active, ingests food, motile = any stage in protozoan life cycle where can eat)
-cyst (non motile, inactive, infective stage)
event 1: excystation = emergence of trophozoite from the cyst

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8
Q

disease caused by entamoeba histolytica

A

amoebiasis

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9
Q

life cycle in amoebiasis

A
  • histolytica = non invasive colonization in your gut
  • you poop a mature cyst
  • somebody eats your poop
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10
Q

4 types of diseases in amoebiasis

A
  1. asymptomatic carrier state
  2. acute amoebic dysentery (bloody diarrhea, febrile)
  3. amoebic liver abscess (walks up biliary tree)
  4. amoeboma (mass lesion that didn’t become an abscess, in many tissues usually liver)
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11
Q

symptoms and syndrome of amoebic dysentery

A

-bloody, mucousy diarrhea
-fever
-abdominal pain
(have a colitis, patchy areas of inflammation)

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12
Q

how to dx entamoeba histolytica infection

A
  • see it in the stool (amoebic hematophagous trophozoites in the stool) with WBCs
  • colonoscopy: see patchy inflammation areas
  • stool PCR or Ag capture
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13
Q

what entamoeba histolytca eats and how this helps us

A
  • RBCs. (is hematophagous)

- see protozoa with RBC inside = likely entamoeba histolytica

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14
Q

bacterial abscess vs ameobic liver abscess

A

diff by the aspirate

  • bacterial = green, yellow pus
  • bacterial = anchovy paste, no neutrophils. just liquified liver. no smell
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15
Q

ameobic liver abscess presentation and syndrome

A
  • persistent fever
  • RUQ pain or epigastric or shoulder pain
  • rarely diarrhea (is not with the abscess)
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16
Q

how to dx amoebic liver abscess

A
  • US (abscess)
  • high WBCs
  • serology
  • aspirate microscopy
  • response to metronidazole
17
Q

characteristics of entameoba histolytica transmission and reservoir

A
  • humans only source (NO zoonosis)

- fecal-oral

18
Q

main symptom in giardia infection

A

diarrhea

19
Q

how giardia is transmitted (charact) and reservoir

A
  • ZOONOSIS (in most mammals)
  • fecal-oral spread
  • animals poop, poop goes in the water, etc.
  • comes back with travellers, backpackers, etc.
20
Q

symptoms of giardia lamblia infection

A
  • diarrhea
  • flatulence
  • abdominal cramps
  • less appetite
  • NO FEVER
  • mild abdo tenderness
21
Q

amoeba vs giardia pathology

A
  • amoeba = bleeding diarrhea

- giardia = more watery diarrhea

22
Q

how giardia infection is dx

A

giardia cysts or trophozoites in the stools, INTERMITTENT shedding (or in duodenal aspirate, which is the ideal specimen)

23
Q

cryptosporidium parvum reservoir and transmission

A
  • bovine reservoir (zoonosis): cow poop gets in our food
  • municipal water contamination (fecal-oral)
  • fecal-oral
24
Q

cryptosporidium clinical presentation

A
  • diarrhea for 2-3 weeks (chronic diarrhea if immunosuppressed)
  • cholecystitis (if crawl up biliary tree)
25
Q

cyclospora cayetanensis how transmitted

A
  • in travellers who went to tropics
  • imported raspberries and food we didn’t import before
  • grows on the ground, which is the toilet is certain countries
26
Q

cyclospora cayetanensis clinical presentation

A

diarrhea (prolonged, 2-6 weeks)

27
Q

cryptostridium parvum (protozoa) is associated with what conditions

A

HIV and immunocompromised patients (will see it more in them because it remains as a chronic diarrhea)

28
Q

trichomona vaginalis infects what part of the body

A

vagina, urethra in men

29
Q

trichomona vaginalis clinical presentation

A
  • can be asymptomatic
  • vaginal discharge (foul smell)
  • dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse)
  • abdominal cramps
  • pre-term birth
30
Q

commensalism definition

A

the parasite eats with you (shared dinner table)

31
Q

zoonosis meaning

A

the parasite is a commensal to animals but pathogenic in humans bc doesn’t know how to behave properly in us

Bloc G - Infection (39 decks)

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