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Bloc G - Infection > Apr30 M2-Trematodes-cestodes > Flashcards

Apr30 M2-Trematodes-cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

trematodes (flukes) and cestodes are part of which group of worms

A

FLAT worms (platyhelminthes)

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2
Q

4 main trematodes (flukes) of man and system affected

A
  • schistosoma (blood)
  • opisthorchis (liver)
  • paragonimus (lung)
  • fasciola (liver)
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3
Q

schistosoma life cycle

A

human worm is a blood fluke
makes eggs shed in human feces or urine, these get in water. dev in a snail and then out in water. sort of spore (cercaria) gets in water and enters skin of someone in water.
schisto = disease of fresh water

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4
Q

how trematodes differ from nematodes in way they reproduce

A 
nematodes = have male and female
trematodes = hermaphroditic. EXCEPT SCHISTO (still male and female in schisto)
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5
Q

definition of a definitive host and give definitive host of schisto

A
  • means host where eggs are being layed and where the worm is multiplying
  • for schisto = humans
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6
Q

intermediate host def and interm host of schisto

A
  • host required for development

- for schisto = snail it found by going in water

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7
Q

how does schisto go from entering the skin to ending up having eggs out in stools or urine

A
  • cercaria (spore) enters skin, goes in lymphatics, circulates in body and reaches near liver
  • near liver, survive and mature into adult
  • adult goes to pelvic venous plexus near colon or bladder (depending on spp)
  • adult lays eggs inside the veins
  • egg migrates out of vein to gut or bladder lumen
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8
Q

2 types of schistosoma spp (depending on where adult lives and eggs exit human)

A
  • intestinal (pelvic venous plexus near gut)

- urinary (‘’ ‘’ ‘’ near bladder)

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9
Q

main complication related to intestinal schistosomas

A

portal hypertension BUT NOT CIRRHOSIS. just bc eggs swept up from near colon to portal circulation and block circulation. no liver cell damage

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10
Q

symptoms of intestinal schistosomiasis

A
  • portal htn (+splenomegaly, esophagial varices, hypersplenism, ascites)
  • pulm htn
  • CNS lesions
  • intestinal polyposis
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11
Q

symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis (S hematobium)

A
  • hematuria*
  • frequency
  • pyuria
  • pyelonephritis
  • obstructive uropathy
  • bladder ca*
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12
Q

diagnosis of schistosomiasis

A
  • eggs in the stool or urine
  • US
  • serology
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13
Q

opisthorchis, clonorchis, fasciola and mterochis (liver flukes, end with chis) diff hosts and cycle

A
  1. humans (pass egg in water)
  2. snail = interm
  3. cercaria goes to fish, crabs = vectors
  4. back to humans = definitive host
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14
Q

how opisthorchis and clonorchis (liver flukes) behave inside the human

A

CRAWL from gut up biliary tree and cause obstruction

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15
Q

how fasciola behaves inside the human

A
  1. eggs hatch in the SI
  2. migrate out in peritoneum
  3. penetrate through liver capsule and migrate until reach biliary tree
  4. biliary tree obstruction and superinfection
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16
Q

opistorchis and clonorchis (liver flukes) symptoms

A
  • new infection = liver pain (RUQ), fever, eosinophilia

- chronic infection = ascending cholangitis, liver abscesses, cholangioCA

17
Q

dx of liver flukes (opistorchis and clonorchis) infection

A

detection of eggs in the stool (the adult is in biliary tree and lays eggs there and these end up in the gut lumen)

18
Q

other name for cestodes and their charact

A

tapeworms (flat, hermaphroditic, gutless, have segments and can shed pieces, segments to survive. each segment has eggs)

19
Q

diphyllobothrium (fish tapeworm) transmission

A

eating raw freshwater fish (is a tapeworm of fish)

20
Q

diphyllobothrium infection symptoms

A
  • asymptomatic
  • intermittent abdominal pain
  • B12 deficiency
21
Q

taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and taenia solium (pork tapeworm) transmission

A

eating raw meat

22
Q

presentation of taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

A
  • asymptomatic
  • rare intermittant abdominal pain
  • taenia solium = can get cysticercosis (=tissue infection by larva of pork tapeworm) and increased mortality = SEIZURES (brain invasion)
23
Q

taenia saginata and solium life cycle

A
  • human passes eggs or proglotids
  • pig eats your poop
  • cyst in pig muscle
  • raw sausage or pork = infection
  • cyst forms in human muscle
24
Q

pork and beef tapeworm: what’s the definitive host

A
  • taenia solium = human. intermediate is pork

- taenia saginata = human. intermediate = beef

25
Q

what type of host is the human in the taenia saginata and solium life cycle

A

DEFINITIVE HOST AND dead end host bc larva in cyst won’t go anywhere except something eats you

26
Q

taenia solium cysticercosis: what’s the real problem

A

cysts, abscesses form in the brain or in the brain ventricles, causes seizures

27
Q

symptoms of cysticercosis specifically (taenia solium)

A
  • headaches, seizures, focal neuro defects (intracerebral space occupying lesions)
  • hydrocephalus (CSF flow obstruction in ventricles)
  • basalar meningitis (cranial nerve palsies, hydrocephalus)
28
Q

echinococcosis granulosis is what

A

infection by the dog tapeworm (echinococcus granulosis)

29
Q

life cycle of echinococcus granulosis

A
  • In Canada, hyatid cyst (larval stage) in human, caribou and moose and adult stage in wolf and dog
  • Elsewhere, hyatid cyst (larval stage) in human, cattle, sheep. adult stage = in dog
30
Q

what happens to echinococcus granulosis (adult) in the dog

A
  • the dog has the tapeworm
  • eggs pass in dog poop
  • we eat dog poop
31
Q

what happens when a human eats an echinococcus granulosis egg

A

eggs migrate up in the liver or lung and causes a big cyst (hyatid cyst, larval stage)

32
Q

complications of having echinococcus granulosis hyatid cyst in your liver or lung

A
  • rupture and then go in peritoneum, pleura, biliary tree, anaphylaxis possibly
  • superinfection = liver abscess
  • mass effect (bc cyst compresses stuff) = cholestasis, portal htn, Budd-Chiari

Bloc G - Infection (39 decks)

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