May10 M1-Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards
(important) how to differentiate if an ulcer on genitalia is caused by primary syphilis or HSV (herpes) (chancre)
- painful chancre = HSV
- not painful chancre = syphilis
(important) rashes on soles and palms of your feet: think of what STI
secondary syphilis (not many STIs cause that so likely is secondary syphilis)
mechanisms STIs use to cause infection
- pilli (long fibrous structures) that can elongate and retract to attach to mucosal surface (gonorrhea)
- hide and replicate IC in epithelial cells and neutrophils, to evade immune system (gonorrhea)
- disseminate systemically (gonorrhea)
Neisseria gonorrhea description
-gram- diplococci
Chlamydia trachomatis description
-IC, lack of normal cell wall (atypical organism). doesn’t have peptidoglycan wall. unusual cell cycle
treponema pallidum description
- causes syphilis
- spirochette (spiral shaped, like borrelia, etc.) and small
HSV1 and 2 description
- DNA virus of herpesviridae family (which includes HHVs, CMV, EBV, VZV, etc.)
- infects for life
human papilloma virus (HPV) description and disease name
- DNA virus
- disease name = genital warts
protozoa,parasites of STIs and description + disease name
trichomonas vaginalis
- flagellated, motile eukaryote
- disease name = trichomonas, or trich
3 clinical syndromes in STIs
- urethritis/cervicitis (discharge, dripping)
- genital ulcer disease
- genital warts
(IMPORTANT) causative organisms for urethritis/cervicitis
- Neisseria gonorrhea
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa)
(IMPORTANT) causative organisms for genital ulcer disease
- HSV
- treponema pallidum
- (certain serovars of chlamydia trachomatis, causing LGV: lymphogranuloma venereum
(IMPORTANT) symptoms of urethritis/cervicitis
- dysuria (urethritis)
- mucopurulent discharge (cervicitis)
(IMPORTANT) gonorrhea other things it causes than urethritis/cervicitis and include the 2 complications
- proctitis (inflammation of anus and rectum)
- pharyngitis (if oral sex)
- epididymitis (painful)
- pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in females
- other less common things (systemic)
main reason to treat gonorrhea, which is easily treated, and description
pelvic inflammatory disease
- pelvis = chronic inflammation, adhesions in genital tract and ultimately, infertility)
- liver = perihepatitis and Fitz-Hugh Curtis Syndrome: hepatitis + chronic inflam and adhesions on liver capsule
2 most common causes of PID
- Neisseria gonorrhea
- Chlamydia trachomatis
(IMPORTANT) other things that N. gonorrhea can cause and most common one
- by local extension: perihepatitis, peritonitis, proctitis, endometritis, vulvovaginitis
- by systemic spread (blood): ARTHRITIS**, IE, meningitis, dermatitis
classic triad of disseminated gonococcoal infection
- polyarthralgia/arthritis
- dermatitis (pustular lesions)
- tenosynovitis (inflammation of tendon sheath in hands or feet, making fingers hard to extend)
3 ways to dx gonorrhea
- culture + special media (Martin agar) to grow this only (2 days)
- gram stain (5 min)
- PCR (NAAT: nucleic acid amplif test) works on any kind of specimen
(IMPORTANT) treatment of gonorrhea (in acute urethritis) nowadays
combination of:
- ceftriaxone (1x IM) or cefixime (1x po)
- azithromycin 1x
bad complication of chlamydia trachomatis infection
PID
(important) symptoms of chlamydia
- often asymptomatic
- dysuria
- discharge
- cervicitis
- dyspareunia
- proctitis
- lower abd pain