Apr30 M3-Vector-borne diseases Flashcards
vector of malaria
anopheles mosquito
vector of dengue (a flavivirus, meaning related to yellow fever)
aedes mosquito
vector of chikungunya (a flavivirus)
aedes mosquito
vector of Zika (a flavivirus)
aedes mosquito
vector of WNV (WNF) (a flavirirus)
aedes and culex mosquito
vector of lyme disease
Ixodes hard ticks
2 only effective repellents for malaria
- DEET
- picaridin
useful insecticide to put on bed nets (anopheles bites at night) and clothes
permethrin
how to recognize the anopheles mosquito
- bites with its butt in the air
- five equal length palps (long filamentous structures near head)
number 1 ddx of fever in returning traveller from SE Asia
dengue
what’s complicated dengue
dengue hemorrhagic fever
aedes mosquito is the vector of what infections
- dengue (flavivirus, in yellow fevers family)
- Zika (flavivirus, in yellow fevers family)
- chikungunya
- yellow fever
aedes mosquito vs anopheles mosquito
- anopheles = rural and night biter
- aedes = cities and daytime biter
prevention of aedes mosquito bites
- DEET and picaridin (as repellents)
- permethrin only for clothes, curtains but not bed nets bc daytime biter
how to recognize aedes mosquito
- bites lying flat (couché)
- 2nd and 4th palp are short. 1st and 5th are long
flaviviruses (yellow fever family viruses)
- yellow fever
- dengue
- Zika
- Saint Louis encephalitis (SLE)
- Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)
- WNF
main worry with Zika
- Zika infection in pregnant woman
- baby brains fails to develop (brain and nervous system), severe problems so get MICROCEPHALY
- also have a complication called Guillain-Baré syndrome
symptoms of Zika
usual viral syndrome
- fever
- headache
- fever
- myalgias
- joint pain
- rash
risk of microcephaly of newborn in pregnant woman infected with Zika
if infected in T1 (first trimester), risk of microcephaly is 11%
how can you catch Zika other than mosquito bite
- sexually transmitted (almost always male to female)
- vertical
characteristic of tick bites (transmit lyme disease)
- painless
- in areas where not found easily
- hang on to your skin
- especially the groin
how to prevent tick bites and getting lyme disease
- avoid woody bushy areas
- long clothes
- DEET (repellant) or permethrin (insecticide) on clothing
- end of the day, check whole body with mirror
West Nile virus (from culex mosquito or from aedes mosquito) is in what family of viruses
flaviviruses, in the JEV serocomplex (which also includes SLE)
how to recognize the culex mosquito
- the 2 of the 5 palps that are on the side are longer
- culex sits there parallel to the skin when it bites (whereas aedes has is a bit bent and lying close to the skin)
4 steps of bites (vector diseases) prevention
A: awareness (know the risk)
B: bites (personal protection measures)
C: Compliance with the Chemoprophylaxis (pills to PREVENT)
D: Dx and early tx
how malaria can be controlled at the community level (think of malaria life cycle) (5 steps)
- reduce vectors (indoor sprays on walls where rest for ex, traps for tsetse flies for ex, etc.)
- personal protection from bites (bednets, repellents, clothing)
- tx of blood in sick people to avoid transmission
- tx on liver stage (before go out in blood) or on gametocyte stage
- vaccine
which bites and infections can be prevented with bednets and which can’t
- the anopheles infections (malaria).
- when vector = aedes (daytime biter), bednet can’t prevent from Zika, Dengue, WNV, YF, chikungunya, etc.)
most effective repellents and insecticides to avoid malaria and day-biting species (dengue, WNV, etc.)
DEET, picaridin as repellents (DEET in Zika zone)
permethrin = insecticide on clothes or bednets
why DEET is better (and preferred) over picaridin in a Zika area
Aedes mosquitos infected with Zika are less repelled by picaridin
what clothing color is preferred to prevent mosquito bites
white clothes
mosquitos prefer black
vector of African trypanosoma
tse tse fly
vector of leishmaniasis
sandflies
best thing to do if being bitten by an insect
speciate it (or take picture to speciate later). species determines the infection you have
in a vector-borne disease, where can the transmission of the disease occur
only in the parts of the world where the vector (flies, ticks, wtv.) are present
other way of avoiding aedes and anopheles bites
put the AC on. these flies don’t like the cold
