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Bloc G - Infection > May8 M3-Derm-Infections-Lecture > Flashcards

May8 M3-Derm-Infections-Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

impetigo description of diff looks

A
  • yellow crust lesions with erythematous base. very itchy. contagious
  • bullae and vesicles, that can be ruptured too
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2
Q

most common cause of nonbullous impetigo and tx

A 
staph aureus (and less commonly GAS)
tx=topical or oral Abx
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3
Q

most common cause of bullous impetigo

A

staph aureus ONLY

tx=topical or oral Abx

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4
Q

bacterial folliculitis description

A

superficial infection of hair follicles. pustules in perifollicular area with erythematous base

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5
Q

bacterial folliculitis pathogen and tx

A

staph aureus

tx=antibacterial wash, Abx cream, oral Abx if widespread

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6
Q

furuncle description

A

pustule. white in middle. red base

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7
Q

carbuncle description

A

many furuncles that coalesce and make a bigger and deeper inflammation. white bump. red base

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8
Q

abscess description

A

carbuncle that evolved to painful fully red and very big lesion

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9
Q

organism causing furuncle, carbuncle and abscess

A

staph aureus

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10
Q

tx of furuncle, carbuncle and abscess

A
  • furuncle (simple furuncle) = warm compresses + topical Abx
  • carbuncle (fluctuant furuncle) = incision and drainage
  • abscess = incision and drainage
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11
Q

when to give oral Abx for furuncle, carbuncle or abscess

A
  • near midface
  • near auditory canal
  • recurrent or recalcitrant (persisting)
  • very large
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12
Q

ecthyma description

A
  • eroded punched out ulcer
  • greyish, yellowish in central area
  • surrounding erythema
  • a deeper form of nonbullous impetigo*
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13
Q

ecthyma organisms and tx

A
  • GAS AND staph aureus

- oral Abx

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14
Q

erysipelas description

A
  • very red and very well defined infiltrating lesion on nose, cheek and upper lip
  • painful
  • fever and malaise
  • is a superficial cellulitis*
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15
Q

erysipelas organism and tx

A

GAS

tx=oral Abx

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16
Q

cellulitis description

A
  • swollen limb
  • extreme erythema
  • well or ill defined
  • fever and malaise
  • infection of deep dermis and subcutaneous tissues*
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17
Q

cellulitis organisms and tx

A
  • GAS (2/3) and staph aureus (1/3)

- prompt oral or IV Abx

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18
Q

necrotizing fasciitis description

A
  • necrotic sloughering of the skin (initially red and painful, slightly infiltrated with B symptoms)
  • deep infection
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19
Q

necrotizing fasciitis organism and tx

A

GAS or mixed infection

tx=extensive surgical debridement (high mortality rate)

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20
Q

perianal streptococcal disease description

A

painful, red, infiltrating plaque around anus + fissures + scaling

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21
Q

perianal streptococcal disease organism, dx and tx

A

GAS
dx=BOTH throat and perianal culture
tx=oral Abx

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22
Q

erythrasma description

A

brown macular ill-defined patch, in moist parts of the body (occluded intertriginous areas) like axilla. fluorescence under Wood’s lamp (bc of the bacteria)

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23
Q

erythrasma organism and tx

A

corynebacterial infection

tx=topical Abx

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24
Q

green nail syndrome description

A
  • nail lesion of greenish discolouration, yellow distally and onycholysis (lifting of nail)
  • folliculitis with pustules and papules on hairy (follicular) areas and mostly on the trunk
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25
Q

green nail syndrome organism and tx

A

pseudomonas (makes a greeny pigment)

tx=trim nail, acetic acid soaks, topical Abx

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26
Q

hot tub folliculitis description

A

lesions and folliculitis with pustules and papules on follicular areas of body that came in contact with hot tub water

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27
Q

hot tub folliculitis organism and tx

A

pseudomonas

no tx necessary

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28
Q

acute meningococcemia description

A

petechial lesions, that were previously small papules, and associated necrosis. ill patient. acute and potentially life threatening infection of blood vessels
medical emergency

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29
Q

acute meningococcemia organism and tx

A

Neisseria meningitidis

tx=high dose IV Abx

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30
Q

scarlet fever

A
  • previously sore throat and fever
  • now rash of small erythematous papules like sandpaper. papillae on tongue too. strawberry tongue
  • palor around nose and perioral areas
  • linear petechiae in skin folds
  • children*
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31
Q

scarlet fever organism and tx

A
  • diffuse exanthem (rash usually in children caused my microorganisms, drugs, toxin, autoimmune phenomenon) caused BY GAS pharyngitis
  • tx=oral Abx
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32
Q

primary herpetic gingivostomatitis description (primary infection is on mouth)

A

extreme pain, fever, problems eating, tiny vesicles became pustules and necrotic, eroded, painful. tongue involvement and perioral area. small red papules on lips and tongue

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33
Q

primary genital herpes description

A

vesicles, then pustules, then shallow ulcers, then become necrotic. end up with ulcers. extensive primary infection. urethritis.

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34
Q

recurrent herpetic infection on mouth and genital area names

A

mouth: herpes labialis
genital: genital herpes

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35
Q

herpes labialis and genital herpes description

A
  • less extensive than primary lesion

- vesicles, pustules, erosion, shallow ulcers

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36
Q

eczema herpeticum description

A
  • in children with ectopic dermatitis (type of eczema)
  • monomorphous lesions. red papules
  • can’t control infection
  • medical emergency*
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37
Q

herpetic whitlow description

A

painful lesion on finger tip. red papules. came in contact with patient with herpes

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38
Q

herpes gladiatorum description

A
  • people who do sports like wrestling
  • an HSV primary infection
  • non mucosal site typically face, neck or arms. papule or plaque that is greyish, white with erythematous base
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39
Q

main diagnostic method for HHV1 and HHV2 infection

A

morphology

also have PCR or direct fluorescent Ab (DFA)

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40
Q

treatment of primary herpes (primary herpetic gingivostomatitis and primary genital herpes)

A
  • oral or IV antivirals

- pain control

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41
Q

recurrent herpes (herpes labialis, genital herpes) tx

A
  • oral or IV antivirals

- suppressive treatment (if >6 episodes per year)

42
Q

treatment of eczema herpeticum

A

IV antivirals

43
Q

treatment of herpetic whitlow and herpes gladiatorum

A

oral antivirals

44
Q

VZV (chickenpox) infection description

A
  • upper extremities, face, trunk, lower extremities
  • tiny erythamous vesicles with faint base. become larger. erode. some necrotic ulcers
  • very itchy and contagious
  • differs from eczema herpeticum bc now have lesions at diff stages of evolution
45
Q

VZV (chickenpox) tx in children

A

resolves by itself in 1-3 weeks and may leave scars

46
Q

VZV (chickenpox) tx in patients other than children

A

-more risk of complications (pneumonia, meningitis) in adults and imunocompromised pts
give oral or IV antivirals
(vaccine for prevention)

47
Q

Zoster description

A

monomorphous lesion following a dermatome. vesicles and pustules. end up with ulcerations

48
Q

Zoster cause

A
  • initial varicella infection virus lied dormant in spinal dorsal root ganglion and reactivated = herpes zoster (is VZV)
  • triggered by stressful event
49
Q

tx of Zoster and prevention

A 
tx = oral antivirals
prevention = vaccine
50
Q

complications of zoster

A
  • post-herpetic neuralgia (electric-shock like pain for months)
  • scarring
  • secondary bacterial infection
  • meningoencephalitis
  • Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (ear problems and facial paralysis + vesicles)
  • ocular blindness (nose tip lesions and virus travels up to opthalmic nerve that feeds nose)
51
Q

HPV effect on fingertips and name

A

periungal warts

-stiffening and fissuring

52
Q

HPV effect on skin and name

A

common warts

  • group of papules, kerotic on their top
  • skin color (pink) and diff sizes
53
Q

HPV effect on sole of the feet and name

A

plantar warts

-endophytic lesions (going inside), shallow erosions, ulcers. yellow

54
Q

HPV effect near the mouth and name

A

flat warts

-small papules on face, barely keratotic, brown or skin color

55
Q

HPV effect on genital area and name

A

conyloma acuminata

  • less keratotic lesions
  • more exophytic
  • tiny papules, filiform lesiosn, brown color
56
Q

HPV effect on skin (non mucosal areas) (solitary, non grouped, so not common warts) and name

A

filiform warts

  • solitary filiform lesion
  • exophytic, skin color, keratotic
57
Q

2 types of dividing HPV infections

A
  • nongenital vs genital

- low risk (HPV 6 and 11) vs high risk, malignant transformation risk (HPV 16, 18)

58
Q

prevention of HPV

A

vaccine, Gardasil

59
Q

tx of HPV skin manifestations (common, filiform, plantar, flat and periungal warts + condyloma acuminata)

A
  • liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy)

- salicylic acid

60
Q

molluscum contagiosum

A
  • primary infection = papules of skin colour, shiny pinkish. then spread to whole body if use towel for ex.
  • in children with eczema or ectopic dermatitis = in skin fold
61
Q

how molluscum contagiosum transmitted in children vs adults

A

children: school, daycare
adults: sexually transmitted

62
Q

molluscum contagiosum organism and treatment

A

poxvirus

  • usually self-limited
  • tx = liquid nitrogen. curettage.
63
Q

yeast causing skin infections

A
  • malassezia

- candida

64
Q

dermatophytes causing skin infections

A
  • microsporum
  • trichophyton
  • epidermophyton
65
Q

pytiriasis versicolor description

A
  • macules with scaling on lipid rich areas of the body
  • neck, torso, back, groin
  • brown or grey or hypopigmented patches. many colors on same pt
66
Q

pytiriasis versicolor organism, dx and tx

A

malassezia furfur (part of normal cutaneous flora)

  • dx=microscopy with KOH
  • tx=topical antifungal
67
Q

candidiasis description (candidal intertrigo and diaper candidasis if it appears in diaper region in a baby)

A

in intertriginous areas, erythematous patch. around it, small satellite lesions, some pustules. itchy or tender.

68
Q

organism causing candidal intertrigo = candidiasis appearing as erythematous patch with satellite red papules on skin of anyone

A

candida albicans

69
Q

treatment of candidal intetrigo and diaper candidiasis (caused by candida albicans)

A

topical antifungal

70
Q

dermatophytes def and 3 genera

A

fungi with capability of invading keratinized tissue

  • microsporum
  • trichophyton
  • epidermophyton
71
Q

tinea corporis (ringworm) description

A

unique lesions, solitary or multiple. plaque with central area clearing and slight erythema. typical border that is more papular, thicker, higher and keratotic.

72
Q

tinea corporis organisms and transmission

A
  • trichophyton if had tinea pedis and touched toes and transmitted
  • microsporum if from infected cat or dog
73
Q

tinea corporis dx

A

scraping and culture and microscopy

74
Q

tx of tinea corporis

A

topical antifungal

75
Q

tinea barbae (tinea sycosis) description

A

erythematous plaques in beard region. bogginess, yellowish, crusting, pus, yellowish liquid draining

76
Q

organism of tinea barbae (sycosis) and tx

A

trichophyton verrucosum

-tx=oral antifungal

77
Q

tinea capitis 3 possible presentations

A
  • dry dandruff like scaling on the scalp (keratotic dry, hair loss)
  • black dots (tiny dots + hair loss)
  • kerion (inflammatory boggy mass called kerion + pus and exudate and hair loss)
78
Q

tinea capitis def

A

FUNGAL infection of the scalp + HAIR LOSS** (must have it in tinea capitis)

79
Q

tinea capitis organism and dx

A
  • trichophyton tonsurans, microsporum

- microscopy and cultur + fluorescence on Wood’s light (helps). fluorescence=microsporum

80
Q

tinea capitis tx

A

oral antifungal + antifungal lotion and shampoo + antifungal shampoo for all family

81
Q

tinea pedis description

A
  • athlete’s foot
  • small areas of maceration between toes and dry scaly skin. no itch. (mildest form) TO (worse) rest of foot, inflam, papules and plaque. tinea corporis-like advancing edge
82
Q

tinea pedis organism and tx

A
  • trichophyton or epidermophyton

- tx = topical antifungal + keep feet dry

83
Q

tinea cruris description

A

erythematous scaly plaque starting on skin fold and extending on scrotum, edge elevated, thick scaly
(might have been transmitted to scrotum after touching tinea pedis)

84
Q

tinea cruris organism and tx

A
  • trichophyton or epidermophyton

- tx = topical antifungal

85
Q

onychomycosis (tinea unguium) description

A
  • yellowish organish discoloration of nail + onycholysis

- starts on toenail IMPORTANT

86
Q

(IMPORTANT) where onychomycosis starts

A

on big toenail first, then spreads to others

87
Q

onychomycosis organism and tx

A
  • trichophyton

- tx = oral antifungal (less commonly oral)

88
Q

other name for onychomycosis

A

tinea unguium

89
Q

scabies (infestation) description

A
  • itchy
  • between fingers, webs spaces hands and toes, wrists, under arm, umbilical
  • indurated papules, swollen and red. tunnel lesions like insect dig under skin and advanced
  • very contagious
90
Q

scabies dx

A

scraping and oil microscopy

91
Q

scabies tx

A

topical scabicide and tx everyone in house at same time

92
Q

crusted, Norwegian scabies description

A
  • not itchy
  • thick crusts in areas like traditional scabies but may cover whole body
  • in immuno problems pts, diabetes, homeless, alcohol abuse
  • very contagious
  • millions of mites*** whereas traditional scabies = 10-12 mites
93
Q

tx of crusted, Norwegian scabies

A

topical scabicide

94
Q

head lice name of disease

A

pediculosis capitis

95
Q

pediculosis capitis descrption

A
  • head lice on hair, move downwards, lay 5-10 eggs a day
  • reach scalp to feed on blood
  • ITCHY bc of that
  • contagious
96
Q

diseases that head lice carry (pediculosis capitis)

A

NO DISEASES CARRIED WITH IT

97
Q

tx of head lice

A

topical insecticide + remove physically

98
Q

pediculosis corporis description (body lice)

A

-live on clothing, jump on patient and back on clothing

99
Q

(IMPORTANT) pediculosis corporis infections that they transmit

A
  • epidemic typhus
  • trench fever
  • relapsing fever
100
Q

tx of pediculosis corporis

A

hot washing clothes and bed linens

101
Q

pediculosis pubis (pubic lice) description

A
  • go on pubic hair, deposit eggs, bite patient, feed on blood, then ITCHY
  • prefer coarser hair (plus rugueux)
102
Q

tx of pediculosis pubis

A

topical insecticide on all hairy areas of the body

Bloc G - Infection (39 decks)

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