May 9th Flashcards
What kind of HF is seen in thiamine def?
High output HF with dilated cardiomyopathy
Left hemineglect syndrome is caused by a lesion where?
Right, (Nondominant) parietal lobe
When is screening abdominal ultrasound indicated?
Men age 65-75 with a history of smoking
What are the risk factors for rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis?
DM, hematologic malignancy, solid organ or stem cell transplant
Where is trypanosoma cruzi endemic?
South America
What is the classic triad of congenital rubella syndrome?
Machine like systolic murmur (PDA), snesorineural hearing loss, leukocoria (while pupillary reflex) from cataracts
What antibody is seen in Hashimoto thyroiditis?
TPO antibody
What statistical test is used to compare two means?
Two sample t - test
When is ANOVA used in stats?
To compare three or more means
A SAAG of what indicates portal HTN?
SAAG > 1.1
How is SAAG calculated?
Serum albumin - peritoneal fluid albumin
Antibodies to what structure are part of the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid?
Antibodies to IgG
Acyclovir can lead to what type of kidney injury?
Esp IV acyclovir can see crystal induced acute kidney injury
How is cryptosporidium diagnosed on stool examination?
Modified acid-fast stain reveals cryptosporidial oocytes
What are the contraindications to rotavirus vaccine?
Anaphylaxis to vaccine, h/o intussusception, h/o uncorrected congenital malformation of the GI tract, SCID
What type of vaccine is rotavirus?
Live attenuated virus vaccine
Young boy with bone pain worse at night, relieved by NSAIDs
Osteoid osteoma
What is pulsus paradoxus?
Systolic BP fall >10 mmHg during inspiration; commonly seen in cardiac tamponade, COPD/asthma
What do you see pulsus paradoxus?
seen in cardiac tamponade, COPD/asthma
How does acute arsenic poisoning manifest?
Nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, garlic breath, QTc prolongation
How does chronic arsenic poisoning manifest?
Hypo- / hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratoses, stocking-glove neuropathy
How is arsenic poisoning treated?
Dimercaprol, DMSA, succimer
What is the treatment for amyloidosis (AA)?
Secondary amyloidosis (AA) can be treated / prevented with colchicine
What is the pathophysiology of hyperoxaluria in Crohns disease?
CD leads to fat malabsorption, calcium binds to the fat and leaves oxalate available for absorption (usually calcium binds oxalate and prevents absorption)
How is a hydatid cyst treated?
Aspiration if needed to prevent cyst spillage and anaphylactic shock; otherwise surgical resection under the cover of albendazole
What are the indications for clozapine treatment?
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia; schizophrenia associated with suicidality
What are the contraindications to methylergonovine use in postpartum hemorrhage?
HTN/history of hypertension
What is the contraindication to carboprost use in postpartum hemorrhage?
Causes bronchoconstriction and thus is CI in asthma
How is postpartum hemorrhage treated?
First: uterine massage + oxytocin; if fail give methylergonovine (watch for HTN) or carboprost (watch for asthma/bronchoconstriction)
What is the cause of infertility in primary ciliary dyskinesia?
Immotile spermatozoa (vs CF due to absent vas deferens)
What are the clinical features of TTP?
Hemolytic anemia (incr LDH, low haptoglobin) with schistocytes, thrombocytopenia (increased BT, normal PT/PTT), renal failure, neuro stuff, fever
What is the cause of TTP?
Def in protease ADAMTS13 - leads to long chains of vWF
How is TTP treated?
Plasma exchange
Why are ACEi effective in diabetic nephropathy?
Reduces intraglomerular HTN
What is the prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis? And when is it started?
TMP-SMX at CD4 <100
What is the prophylaxis for MAC? And when is it started?
Azithromycin, CD4 <50
Antibodies found in polymyositis?
Anti-Jo 1 and ANA
