May 7th Flashcards
What is the treatment for ancylostoma (hook worm)?
Ivermectin
What is ancylostoma?
Hook worm - pruritic, migrating serpiginous reddish brown rash
What are the physiologic effects of arteriovenous fistula?
Increased preload, increased CO, decreased SVR
What is the mechanism of duodenal hematoma?
Blunt force trauma resulting in duodenum compressed against vertebral body, resulting in blood collecting between submucosa and muscular layer of the duodenum. Resulting in partial/complete obstruction
How is pertussis diagnosed?
Pertussis PCR or culture; see a lymphocyte-predominant leukocytosis
How is warfarin reversed?
Rapid: FFP; Vitamin K if longer time
What are the characteristics of fetal growth restriction at delivery?
Thin, loose skin, thin umbilical cord, wide anterior fontanel, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, decreased subQ fat
What is the predominant mechanism of ventricular arrhythmias in the immediate post-infarction period?
Reentry - resulting in v fib
What is the classic presentation of neonatal displaced clavicular fracture?
Crepitus over the clavicle, asymmetric Moro reflex, and pain with passive motion of the affected extremity
How is neonatal displaced clavicular fracture treated?
Reassurance, gentle handling; place affected arm in long sleeve and pin sleeve to chest
What nerve palsy is common in idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
6th
What is the treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
Acetazolamide
6 yo M with h/o URI 3 weeks ago, presents with petechiae on trunk and extremities, Hgb 13.5, Plts 40,000, and WBC 7,000; peripheral smear with large platelets. Diagnosis?
Immune thrombocytopenia
How is immune thrombocytopenia treated?
Children with skin sxs only: observation; Children with bleeding, and adults with plts < 30,000: IVIg and glucocorticoids; splenectomy is last resort - used in refractory cases
Patient with HIV and weakly ring-enhancing periventricular mass; CSF with EBV DNA. Diagnosis?
CNS lymphoma
What is the most important predisposing risk factor to aortic dissection?
Systemic hypertension
What is cardiac index?
Pump function - myocardial contractility
What are the laboratory findings of hemophilia a and b?
Prolonged aPTT, normal Plt, BT, and PT. Decreased or absent factor VIII (a) or factor IX (B).
What is the treatment for hemophilia?
VIII and desmopressin for hemophila a; factor IX for hemophilia B
How is bacterial vaginosis treated?
Oral metronidazole (500 mg BID x 7 days)
What are the clinical manifestations of chikungunya fever?
High fevers, SEVERE POLYARTHRALGIAS, headache, conjunctiviits, maculopapular rash, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated LFTs
What is the treatment for cyclosporine induced HTN?
Usually due to renal vasoconstriction and Na retention; treat with CCB
What malignancies is cyclosporine use associated with?
Squamous cell carcinoma and lymphoproliferative
Patient with renal transplant presents with gingival hypertrophy
Think cyclosporine
What is the MOA of mycophenolate?
Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; rate limiting enzyme in de novo purine synthesis
What is the major side effect in mycophenolate?
Bone Marrow suppression
What are the major side effects of cyclosporine?
Nephrotoxicity, hyperkaemia, HTN, gum hypertrophy, hirsutism and tremor
What are the main differences in side effects between tacrolimus and cyclosporine?
Tacrolimus does not have hirsutism or gum hypertrophy
