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Step 2 CK > April 30th > Flashcards

April 30th Flashcards

1
Q

What is erythema infectiosum?

A

Parvovirus B19 viral infection, causes slapped cheek rash

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2
Q

How does staph scalded skin present?

A

Caused by staph aureus; presents with flaccid bullae followed bhy extensive exfoliation of the skin; most common in infancy and rare beyond age 5

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3
Q

How does roseola present?

A

High fever, then rash

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4
Q

What is seen on imaging in a neuroblastoma?

A

Calcifications and hemorrhages

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5
Q

What are the most common metastatic sites of a neuroblastoma?

A

Long bones, skull, bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes, and skin

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6
Q

2 year old female with elevated homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid in urine

A

Neuroblastoma

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7
Q

Wilms’ tumor arises from what embryonic structure?

A

Metanephros

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8
Q

What does the embryonic structure mesonephros give rise to?

A

Seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory ducts and ductus deferens

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9
Q

What does the embryonic structure paramesonephron give rise to?

A

Fallopian tubes, uterus and part of the vagina

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10
Q

What is congenital dermal melanocytosis?

A

“Mongolian spots” Blue grey patches on lower back/buttocks; more common in Asains and African Americans

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11
Q

What is a nevus flammeus?

A

Port wine stain; do no regress, respect midline

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12
Q

What is a nevus simplex?

A

Blanching pink patches that fade with time, usually located on eyelids, glabella and nape of neck

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13
Q

How is preeclampsia diagnosed?

A

New onset HTN (SBP >140 and/or diastolic >90) at >/= 20 weeks gestation, plus proteinuria (and/or end-organ damage); proteinuria being urine protein/Cr ratio >/= 0.3 or a 24 hr urine with >300 mg of total protein

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14
Q

What are the severe features of preeclampsia? (There are 6)

A

SBP > 160 OR DBP >110; thrombocytopenia, increase Cr, increased transaminases, pulmonary edema, visual or cerebral symptoms

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15
Q

How is PTSD treated?

A

SSRIs/SNRIs, trauma-focused CBT, and prazosin for nightmares

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16
Q

How is preterm labor managed if GA is < 32 weeks?

A

Betamethasone, tocolytics (eg indomethicin, nifedipine), MgSO4 for fetal neuroprotection, and penicillin if BGS positive/unknown

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17
Q

How is preterm labor managed from 32-33 6/7?

A

Betamethasone, tocolytics (nifedipine or indomethicin), penicillin if GBS positive/unknown

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18
Q

How is preterm labor at >34 weeks managed?

A

Betamethasone and penicillin if GBS positive or unknown

19
Q

What is seen on MRI in Friedreich ataxia?

A

Marked atrophy of the cervical spinal cord and minimal cerebellar atrophy

20
Q

What are the neurologic exam findings of Friedreich ataxia?

A

Limb and gait ataxia, loss of DTRs, loss of vibratory and position sense

21
Q

What cardiovascular manifestations are seen in Friedreich ataxia?

A

Necrosis, degeneration of fibers, myocarditis, fibrosis, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, CHF

22
Q

Loss of fetal station (fetus retracts) in a patient with previous uterine surgery

A

Pathognomonic for uterine rupture

23
Q

How does a positive urine urobilinogen assay help with the diagnosis of elevated bilirubin?

A

Positive urine urobilinogen assay (more urobilinogen and no bilirubin in the urine) is seen in hemolysis; positive urine bilirubin assay reflects buildup of conjugated bilirubin

24
Q

What cardiac abnormalities are seen in DiGeorge Syndrome?

A

Truncus arteriosus (strongest), others: tetralogy of fallot, interrupted aortic arch, and septal defects

25
Q

What test is used to determine the dose of anti-D immune globulin after delivery?

A

Kleihauer-Betke test; if large enough dose not given, patients can become alloimmunized

26
Q

What is seen on US in an endometrioma?

A

Adnexal mass with ground glass appearance

27
Q

Physical examination reveals what in endometriosis?

A

Adherent, immobile uterus

28
Q

What is Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome?

A

Syndrome that presents with hemihyperplasia, macroglossia, omphalocele, hyperinsulinism

29
Q

What is a superficial infantile hemangioma?

A

Aka strawberry hemangioma; benign capillary tumor; vascular birthmark appears during first few weeks of life, undergoes rapid growth, then spontaneous regression

30
Q

How is a superficial hemangioma managed?

A

Observation, topical beta blocker if ulcerated or in cosmetically sensitive area, or eyelid/trachea

31
Q

What are the contraindications to breastfeeding?

A

Active untreated TB, maternal HIV infection, herpetic breast lesions, active varicella infection, chemo or radiation therapy, active substance abuse; baby with galactosemia

32
Q

How is dactylitis treated?

A

Hydration and pain control

33
Q

Which antipsychotics have highest risk for metabolic syndrome?

A

Olanzapine and clozapine (second gen)

34
Q

What should be periodically monitored in Lithium use?

A

TSH

35
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole; safe to use in pregnancy

36
Q

What is seen on US of the ovaries in Turner Syndrome?

A

Streak ovaries

37
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Autosomal dominant; type I collagen mutation

38
Q

What type of anemia is seen in riboflavin deficiency?

A

Normocytic

39
Q

What is the treatment for nonbullous impetigo?

A

Topical antibiotics (eg mupirocin)

40
Q

How is Parkinson disease dementia differentiated from Lewy Body dementia?

A

PDD is diagnosed when parkinsonism predates cognitive impairment by > 1 year

41
Q

Neonate with central cyanosis, LAD and small/absent R waves on ECG

A

Think tricuspid valve atresia

42
Q

4 yo M with fever, odynophagia, drooling, neck stiffness, muffled voice with inability to extend neck and widened prevertebral space seen on XR is suggestive of what?

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

43
Q

Abdominal pain, jaundice and palpable mass in RUQ of child < 10 years old

A

Think biliary cyst

44
Q

What is the treatment of neonatal thyrotoxicosis?

A

Methimazole plus beta blocker (for symptomatic patients)

Step 2 CK (19 decks)

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