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Step 2 CK > May 19th > Flashcards

May 19th Flashcards

1
Q

Patient with undescended testis are at risk for developing what testicular cancer(s)?

A

Dysgerminoma or gonadoblastoma

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2
Q

When do you see P aeruginosa associated osteomyelitis?

A

Foot puncture wound and IV drug abusers

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3
Q

Large mediastinal mass with elevated AFP and Beta-hCG

A

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumor

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4
Q

What are the oxygen sats and EPO levels in PV?

A

Normal oxygen sats and low EPO levels

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5
Q

What is the treatment for PV?

A

Phlebotomy and hydroxyurea if high risk of thrombosis

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6
Q

Probability of being free of a disease if the test result is negative

A

NPV

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7
Q

Patients with CAP who require hospitalization on the medical floor require treatment with what?

A

Fluoroquinolone or beta-lactam plus macrolide

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8
Q

What is the CURB-65 criteria?

A

Determines hospitalization; confusion, urea > 20, RR >30, BP (<90 or <60), age 65 and up; one point for each; 1-2 intermediate mortality = IP treatment; 3-4 high = ICU

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9
Q

What are the s/sx of malignant hypertension?

A

Severe HTN with retinal hemorrhages, exudates or papilledema; can develop malignant nephrosclerosis (ARF, hematuria, proteinuria) but not required for the diagnosis

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10
Q

Use dependence in regards to antiarrhythmic drugs is seen in what class of antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Class IC - eg flecainide and propafenone

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11
Q

What is the treatment for anal fissures?

A

Stool softeners, sitz bath, topical anesthetics and vasodilators (eg nifedipine, NTG)

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12
Q

Narcolepsy is associated with low CSF levels of what?

A

Orexia-A/hypocretin-1

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13
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of ascitic fluid for SBP?

A

> 250 PMNs, protein <1 g, SAAG >1.1, positive Cx

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of digoxin toxicity?

A

Anorexia, N/V, abd pain, confusion, fatigue, weakness, color vision alterations

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15
Q

What cardiac meds can increase digoxin levels?

A

Amiodorone, propefenone, quinidine, verapamil

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16
Q

Loss to follow up creates potential for what type of bias?

A

Selection bias (aka attrition bias)

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17
Q

Subject is reluctant to report an exposure due to stigma about the exposure (eg sex, drugs) leads to what type of bias?

A

Reporting bias

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18
Q

What is surveillance bias?

A

Exposure group undergoes increased monitoring relative to the general population; can lead to increased disease diagnoses

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19
Q

How is stool osmotic gap calculated?

A

Plasma osmolality - 2x (stool sodium + stool potassium)

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20
Q

What is a torus palatinus?

A

Benign bony growth located midline suture of the hard palate; congenital

21
Q

Immunocompromised patient with fever, pleuritic CP, hemoptysis and nodules with ground glass opacities on CT scan

A

Invasive aspergillosis; “halo sign”

22
Q

Kallmann syndrome is what type of inheritance pattern?

A

X linked recessive

23
Q

Macrocytic anemia, craniofacial anomalies, triphalangeal thumbs

A

Think Diamond-Blackfan anemia

24
Q

Microcytic anemia non-responsive to iron supplementation in Mediterranean origin

A

Beta-thalassemia

25
Q

What medications are commonly used to treat acute bipolar depression?

A

Quetiapine, lurasidone and lamotrigine;

26
Q

What murmur is heard in HOCM?

A

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur heard best at the apex or LLSB

27
Q

Early decrescendo diastolic murmur heard best on LSB (3rd/4th intercostal space)

A

AR

28
Q

How are uric acid stones treated?

A

Hydration, alkalinization of urine, low purine diet; use oral potassium citrate to alkalinize the urine

29
Q

How is TTP diagnosed? What is the treatment?

A

Hemolytic anemia + thrombocytopenia; get blood smear (see schistocytes, helmet cells); treatment: plasma exchange; glucocorticoids; can use rituximab

30
Q

How is a liver abscess with E histolytica treated?

A

PO metronidazole; luminal agent (ie paromomycin) required to eradicate intestinal colonization; no need to drain abscess

31
Q

How is a hydatid cyst dueto Echinoccus treated?

A

Aspiration with albendazole

32
Q

How does Ehrlichiosis present?

A

Fever, HA, myalgias, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

33
Q

How does babesiosis present?

A

Anemia with intravascular hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, see maltese cross on blood smear (diagnostic)

34
Q

How is babesiosis treated?

A

Atovaquone + azithromycin or quinine plus clindamycin (severe illness)

35
Q

What is the treatment for QT prolongation?

A

Beta blockers + pacemaker if symptomatic (lightheadedness, palpitations)

36
Q

How is hoarding disorder treated?

A

CBT (maybe SSRI could be used, no great evidence)

37
Q

Boot shaped heart (upturning of the cardiac apex)

A

Tetraology of fallot

38
Q

What is the treatment for bacillary angiomatosis?

A

Doxycycline or erythromycin

39
Q

Nephrotic syndrome with dense deposits within glomerular basement membrane that stain positive for C3 but not immunoglobulins

A

Type II membranoproliferative disease caused by IgG antibodies to C3 convertase, leading to persistent activation of alternative complement pathway

40
Q

What is treatment for Parkinson disease psychosis?

A

Quetiapine, clozapin, pimavanserin; haloperidol and risperidone should be avoided (worsen EPSE)

41
Q

Uncal herniation results in loss of what nerve?

A

Ipsilateral oculomotor nerve

42
Q

How is cryptococcal meningitis treated?

A

Amphotericin B and flucytosine

43
Q

How is cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome treated?

A

Progesterone analogues or corticosteroids

44
Q

What components of spirometry measure respiratory muscle strength?

A

FCV and negative inspiratory force

45
Q

What is Trousseau’s syndrome? What is its significance?

A

Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis; seen in visceral (pancreatic) cancers

46
Q

Pronator drift is associated with a lesion where?

A

Pyramidal/corticospinal tract

47
Q

New mother holding her infant with outstretched thumb now complains of pain with passive stretching of flex thumb in palm

A

De Quervain tenosynovitis

48
Q

What is the treatment for PMS/PMDD?

A

SSRIs firstline; OCPs can help

Step 2 CK (19 decks)

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