Mass transport - the heart/ cardiac cycle Flashcards
How to calculate cardiac output?
CO = stroke volume x heart rate
What blood vessel supplies the heart with blood
coronary artery
what do the words : coronary and pulmonary roughly mean
coronary - to do with heart
pulmonary - to do with lungs
What is odd about how a diagram of the heart is displayed?
Image is reversed-Right side is left, left side is right
What is the order of the (actual) right hand side of the heart - in the order which blood would take?
-Vena cava
-right atrium
-right atrio-ventricular valve
-right ventricle
-semi lunar valve
-pulmonary artery
( very clever/ pig Viking )
What is the order of the (actual) left hand side of the heart - in the order which blood would take?
-Pulmonary vein
-left atrium
-left atrio-ventricular valve
-left ventricle
-semi-lunar valve
-aorta
Why is the left ventricle of the heart different?
-The L.V. has thicker, more muscular walls than the R.V. ,
>as L.V. needs to contract powerfully to pump blood all around the body, whereas R.V. only needs to get blood to lungs , which are nearby
Contrast the structures of the ventricles and atria, in relation to their function.
-Ventricles have thicker walls than atria
>as they have to push blood out if the heart, whereas the atria just need to push a short distance, into the ventricles
What is the purpose of the atrio-ventricular valves?
-link the atria to the ventricles
-stop blood flowing back into the atria when the ventricles contract
What is the purpose of the semi-lunar valves?
-Link ventricles to pulmonary artery/ aorta
-stop blood from flowing back into heart after ventricles contract
What are the cords, and what is their purpose?
-attach atrio-ventricular valves to the ventricles
-stops them being forces up into the atria when the ventricles contract
Describe the atrial systole
-Atria contract, so in atria
(Vol⬇️=⬆️Pressure)
-Ventricles = relaxed
- Blood forced into ventricles, so in ventricles (⬆️ + ⬆️ Pressure)
Describe the process of ventricular systole
-Atria relax
-Ventricles contract, so in ventricles (⬇️Vol = ⬆️ Pres.)
-Ventricular Pressure > Atria
-this forces AV valves shut ( prevent back flow )
-Ventricular Pressure > Aorta, Pulmonary A.
-Forces open SL valves, blood forced out of heart
Describe the process of diastole
-Entire heart is relaxed.
-Both the atria and ventricles are relaxed and the blood enters at low pressure through the veins ( the pulmonary vein and the vena cava) into the atria.
-As blood flows into the atria blood pressure begins to increase causing the AV valves to become opened
-this allows for blood to enter the ventricles.
