Marxism & Neo Marxism

Question 1

A Crimogenic Society

Answer 1

crime = inbuilt & natural part of soc - emph econ self interest, greed, personal gain, - looking after others X priority
relative poverty means some struggle to survive / excluded from consumer society- encour crimes like theft, vandalism & violence bc perps = excluded

Question 2

Gordon 1971

A Crimogenic Society

Answer 2

soc shouldn’t be surprised at WC crime rate = surprised there isn’t more

Question 3

Selective Law Enforcement

Marxism

Answer 3

CJS applies law dif to dif soc groups
WC & EMGs = crim rich = ignored

Question 4

Reiman (2001)

Selective Law Enforcement

Answer 4

ruling class m likely to commit crime but less likely to have the offence treated as a criminal one
eg social security fraud = poor com & almost always prosec - tax evasion isn’t

Question 5

Selective Law Making

Answer 5

law reflects the interests of RC
Box - the rich often engage in activities that cause death, injury, fraud = protected under law - health & safety law - what = crime - ideo construc - serious crime = prop crim = WC X envrion damage by corps

Question 6

Chambliss

Selective Law Making

Answer 6

law shaped to protect property & profs of rich & powerful - argues the rich & powerful = part of a crime syndicate

Question 7

Snider (1991)

Selective Law Making

Answer 7

argues cap states will pass H&S laws / against pollution & other laws reg priv businesses only when forced by public crisis - will weaken them whenever can - don’t want to effect profitability - will impact donations

Question 8

Ideological Funcs of Crime

Answer 8

ideo funcs of crime are to give a reason for the soc control by RC to prevent rev - crims portrayed as disturbed rather than reveal the role of cap

Question 9

Pearce

Ideological Funcs of Crime

Answer 9

laws are occa passed which on look like benefit the WC but still benefit RC = loop holes & lack of prosecution
2007 corp hom law - in 1st 8 yrs only 1 successful pros

Question 10

Ignores other causes of crime

Answer 10

M focuses on class inequalities & ignores others that can lead to crime eg gender & ethnicity - also completely ignores other causes outside of inequality

Question 11

Passive WC / Romanticises Criminals

Answer 11

suggests the WC can’t help but commit crime due to economic circumstances
says crims not to blame = soc that causes behav

Question 12

Crime in Communist States

Answer 12

if crime was a symptom of cap then com states would = crime free - not in russia & cuba

Question 13

Ignores Victims

Answer 13

m of the victims are poor & WC if M view = true then RC = vics

Question 14

Law Makers in mod democs = elected

Answer 14

= elected & include a range of interests - m crim laws are not controversial & = no consensus regarding greater good

Question 15

Neo Marxism V Marxism

Answer 15

agree on:
1. soc based on exploitation
2. law = made & enforced for Bour ben
3. getting rid of cap would greatly reduce if not eradicate crime

Question 16

Taylor Walton & Young

Answer 16

full soc theory of crime - combo trad m & interac/ label
crime as volunteerist - free will, concious choice, meaningful action, pol motivated not passive puppet

Question 17

Crime as Political Act

Answer 17

stress crime = delib & concious act w/ pol motives so womens lib etc = example of ppl fighting back against injustice of cap - vandalism = symbolic attack on socs obsession w/ property - banksy

Question 18

1.wider origins of dev act

full soc theory applied by hull 1978

Answer 18

1970s period of crisis in Brit - result of internat downturn of cap econ

Question 19

2.immediate origin of dev act

Answer 19

this turmoil shown in a number of inner city riots conflict in NI & inc level of strikes - gov search for group to scapegoat to draw attention away from crisis

Question 20

3.act itself

Answer 20

mugging according to police - m likely to be carried out by African - Car backgrounds

Question 21

4.Immediate origins of social reaction

Answer 21

media outrage at extent of muggings linked to racism in Met Police

Question 22

5.wider origins of social reaction

Answer 22

need to find scapegoat & case which young men from A-C backgrounds could = blamed

Question 23

6.effects of labelling

Answer 23

a sense of injustice amoungst ethnic mins against the police led to much hostility between them & further arrests

Question 24

7.the nature of the dev process as a whole

Answer 24

real cause of crime not addressed = hidden by CJS

Question 25

Hirst 1975

Evaluation of Taylor et al 1973

Answer 25

critical criminology strayed too far frim trad M

Question 26

Rock 1988

Evaluation of Taylor et al 1973

Answer 26

romantic view of crime & criminals - robin hoods

Question 27

Evaluation of Taylor et al 1973

Answer 27

difficult to apply to theory so = m model than approach - Hull = closest
doesn’t explain all types of crime - DV
fem criticism = gender blind

Question 28

Marxist Sub Cultures

Answer 28

centre for contemp cul studies - youth sub culs develop as a for of resistance to cap inequals
Cohen 1972 - skinheads asserting WC masc
Hebdige 1979 - resist through ritual - sub culs quickly = comercialised

Question 29

Marxist Sub Cultures Evalutation

Answer 29

underestimates the extent to which youth sub culs are influ by consumerism
Cohen - meth probs - biased view points to prove points
Blackman (1995) ignores sub cul variations based on sexual iden, age & location
Thornton (1995) Youth sub culs = creation of media