Defining Crime & Deviance

Question 1

Crime

Answer 1

Usually assoc w/ behav that breaks the formal written laws of a given Soc
punishment of crime likely to = m serious than punishment of deviance
Dif crimes & dif laws treated dif

Question 2

Deviance

Answer 2

To move away from a set of standards in Soc = m gen than crime & often not controlled legally
Not always negative = behav that violates standard of conduct / expectations of a group / soc - Wickman (1991)

Question 3

Examples of Crime & Deviance

Answer 3

Speeding = crime
Murder = crime & deviant

Question 4

Crime & Deviance = Socially Constructed

Answer 4

Both = cul determined - what crime is varies less than what = deviant
Foucault wrote about how the definitions of crim dev, sexual dev & madness have changed throughout history eg 100 yrs ago = dev for women to wear trousers - changes w/ time & place as norms & Soc expectations change

Question 5

Plummer (1979)

Answer 5

The same act can be dev/ not depending on situ
What is dev for groups = conformity for others - sub culs have dif norms to mainstream Soc

Question 6

Societal Deviance

Answer 6

Means acts which are seen as dev by most of Soc in most situs
Eg swearing at auth figures- head master, random acts of extreme violence, child abuse

Question 7

Situational Deviance

Answer 7

Means acts can be dev / normal depending on circumstances
Eg being naked ok at home not on high street, bikini ok at beach not at work

Question 8

Social Order & Social Control

Answer 8

by def m behav isn’t crim / dev - soc order & control create consensus on how to behave - ppl = soc to believe norms
some norms become 2nd nature - other we conciously think about - red light
sanctions are rewards & punishments & reinforce norms

Question 9

Postive Sanctions

Answer 9

reward ppl for conforming to norm

Question 10

Negative Sanctions

Answer 10

punish ppl for dev from norm

Question 11

Formal Sanctions

Answer 11

carried out by official agency

Question 12

Informal Sanctions

Answer 12

carried out by public

Question 13

Positive Formal Sanctions

Answer 13

medal for bravery in armed forces
cup for winning sports final

Question 14

Positive Informal Sanctions

Answer 14

pat on the back
well done for good behav

Question 15

Negative Formal Sanctions

Answer 15

fine for speeding
yellow card from referee

Question 16

Negative Informal Sanctions

Answer 16

delib ignoring someone
telling off for bad behav