Green & Non-Human Crime

Question 1

Primary Green Crime

South (2008)

Answer 1

have immediate impact on environ - result directly from deconstruction & degredation of earth’s resources
air pollution, illegal deforestation, water pollution, animal rights

Question 2

Secondary Green Crime

South (2008)

Answer 2

when indus, comps / govs break laws meant to protect earth for environ emergencies - BP pleaded guilty to environ crimes after oil spill in Gulf of Mexico in 2010
harzardous waste & org crime

Question 3

Traditional Green Criminologies

White

Answer 3

focus on green crime - defi by broken environ law - interested w/ regulations concerning environ

Question 4

Situ & Emmons (2000)

trad definition

Answer 4

define environ crime as unauth act / omission that violates law - investis pats & causes of law breaking

Question 5

Contemporary Green Criminologies

Answer 5

concerned w/ idea of harm X crim law = zemiology
Rob (2008) proper crimo = about action which = dev/harmful & X break law
known as transgressive crimo crosses boundary between law

Question 6

Rob (2008)

Contemp definition

Answer 6

argues proper crimo about action which = dev/harmful & X nec break law
for this reason contemp green crimo = trasngressive crimo - crosses boundary between law breaking & new issues of harm
think crime = relative & may not be crime in some countries but is in others
legal defis X = consistent standardisation of harm defis of green crime = pol influ

Question 7

Social Construction of Environmental Harm

Answer 7

like cul theorists phenomenologist also believe environ harm = relative & meaningful in dif contexts eg fur some think in terms of survival others in terms of fashion

Question 8

Green Crime & Risk

Answer 8

Beck (1992) argues soc = glob risk soc - means risk in mod era = man made / manu risks & so X predict consequens eg glob warming - links idea indus have adopted risk conciousness = on socio pol agenda

Question 9

Marxism & Green Crime

Answer 9

focuses on green crime as act of power - RC shapes & define law to ben own exploitative interests on the environ
such laws bend transnational corps - white collar crime = X easily detached esp if in developing nations - green crime = focused on smaller scale to detract from large orgs

Question 10

Globalisation has increased Green Crime

Answer 10

many environ harmful activities X against law - means = dif to prosecute = dif in dif countries so can move abroad - govs can choose not to crim activities which make them money

Question 11

Transnational Organisations

Answer 11

adapt anthropocentric view of environ harm - means humans have right to dom nature - econ growth b4 environ
sel toxic waste to developing nations to dispose of contrib to eco pov eco mafia also deal w/ toxic waste

Question 12

Eco Feminism

Answer 12

believe in ecocentric view that humans & partic women = indepen w/ environ - environ harm hurts ppl too
both environ & humans = liable to exploitation partic by glob cap
believe earth =oppress

Question 13

Glocalisation & Crime

Answer 13

focus = interconnection between local & global - glob of crime usually presented in local context

Question 14

Anthropocentric Harm

Answer 14

consids harm to environ from POV of humanity - pollution = problem bc damages water supply / causes disease that = expen to overcome - climate change = prob bc of impact on ppl & cost of dealing w/ it

Question 15

Ecocentric Harm

Answer 15

X disting between humans & rest of ecosystem sees harm to any species as harm to all - animal cruelty = green crime

Question 16

Evaluation

Answer 16

dif to categorise - M’s & Fems point out issues about using breaking law but using harm means = infinite
? of if harm has been caused can = pol & moral judgement X empirical value free research - can’t comp bc use dif defis