Green & Non-Human Crime

Question 1

Green Crime Types

Answer 1

primary - air pollution, illegal deforestation, water pollution, animal rights
secondary - harzardous waste & org crime

Question 2

Traditional Green Criminologies

White

Answer 2

focus on green crime - defi by broken environ law - interested w/ regulations concerning environ

Question 3

Situ & Emmons (2000)

trad definition

Answer 3

define environ crime as unauth act / omission that violates law - investis pats & causes of law breaking

Question 4

Contemporary Green Criminologies

Answer 4

concerned w/ idea of harm X crim law = zemiology
Rob (2008) proper crimo = about action which = dev/harmful & X break law
known as transgressive crimo crosses boundary between law

Question 5

Rob (2008)

Contemp definition

Answer 5

argues proper crimo about action which = dev/harmful & X nec break law
for this reason contemp green crimo = trasngressive crimo - crosses boundary between law breaking & new issues of harm
think crime = relative & may not be crime in some countries but is in others
legal defis X = consistent standardisation of harm defis of green crime = pol influ

Question 6

Social Construction of Environmental Harm

Answer 6

like cul theorists phenomenologist also believe environ harm = relative & meaningful in dif contexts eg fur some think in terms of survival others in terms of fashion

Question 7

Green Crime & Risk

Answer 7

Beck (1992) argues soc = glob risk soc - means risk in mod era = man made / manu risks & so X predict consequens eg glob warming - links idea indus have adopted risk conciousness = on socio pol agenda

Question 8

Marxism & Green Crime

Answer 8

focuses on green crime as act of power - RC shapes & define law to ben own exploitative interests on the environ
such laws bend transnational corps - white collar crime = X easily detached esp if in developing nations - green crime = focused on smaller scale to detract from large orgs

Question 9

Transnational Organisations

Answer 9

adapt anthropocentric view of environ harm - means humans have right to dom nature - econ growth b4 environ
sel toxic waste to developing nations to dispose of contrib to eco pov eco mafia also deal w/ toxic waste

Question 10

Eco Feminism

Answer 10

believe in ecocentric view that humans & partic women = indepen w/ environ - environ harm hurts ppl too
both environ & humans = liable to exploitation partic by glob cap
believe earth =oppress