Mammalian Test #1

Question 1

Tbx and Pitx1

Answer 1

transcription factors resulting in Fgf10 expression in LPM over 5 somite domain

Question 2

Fgf10

Answer 2

factor stimulating Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER)

Question 3

Fgf8

Answer 3

Expressed by AER, stimulates proliferation of LPM and Fgf8 formation (positive feedback limb bud formation)

Question 4

Plantigrade

Answer 4

Walk on plantar surface of foot

Question 5

Digitigrade

Answer 5

Walk on digits

Question 6

Unguligrade

Answer 6

Walk on toes/hooves

Question 7

Three types of cartilage

Answer 7

Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage

Question 8

Cartilages with perichondrium

Answer 8

Hyaline and Elastic

Question 9

WNT7a

Answer 9

dorsal signal

Question 10

En1

Answer 10

ventral signal

Question 11

Shh (sonic hedgehog)

Answer 11

posterior signal

Question 12

Gli3

Answer 12

anterior signal

Question 13

brachium extensors innervated by

Answer 13

radial nerve

Question 14

brachium flexors innervated by

Answer 14

musculocutaneous

Question 15

antebrachium extensors innervated by

Answer 15

radial nerve

Question 16

antebrachium flexors innervated by

Answer 16

median and ulnar nerve

Question 17

thigh extensors innervated by

Answer 17

femoral nerve

Question 18

thigh flexors innervated by

Answer 18

sciatic nerve

Question 19

thigh adductors innervated by

Answer 19

obtruator nerve

Question 20

leg dorsiflexors innervated by

Answer 20

fibular nerve

Question 21

leg planterflexors innervated by

Answer 21

tibial nerve

Question 22

cleidoic egg layers

Answer 22

amnion, allantois, yolk sac, chorion

Question 23

carpal bones

Answer 23

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 24

cursorial advantages

Answer 24

• feeding/foraging over long areas
• migrating
• can overtake prey/run from predators

Question 25

levels of muscle sheaths

Answer 25

endomysium -> perimysium -> epimysium