Blood Diseases Test 3

Question 1

HIV: Common opportunistic infections

Answer 1

Mycobacterium TB
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Anemia of chronic disease
Kaposi's sarcoma
NHL
Invasive cervical cancer

Question 2

HIV gene: gag

Answer 2

codes for p24 vertical capsid, p6 and p7 nucleocapsid proteins, and p17 matrix protein

Question 3

HIV gene: pol

Answer 3

codes for viral enzymes: reverse transcriptase, protease cleaving gag and pol, and integrase

Question 4

HIV gene: env

Answer 4

codes for gp160, the precursor to gp120 and gp41

Question 5

HIV: methods of destruction of CD4 T cells

Answer 5

Virus buds from and kills cell (includes apoptosis)
Normal immune response
Free gp120 binds to healthy cell
Infected cell binds to healthy cell (syncytium)

Question 6

Normal platelet levels

Answer 6

150-400 x 10^9 / L

Question 7

Heparin sulfate (HS)

Answer 7

anti-coagulant

binds antithrombin

Question 8

Thrombomodulin (TM)

Answer 8

anti-coagulant

binds thrombin to activate protein C

Question 9

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

Answer 9

anti-coagulant

activates plasminogen

Question 10

Proostacyclin (PGI2)

Answer 10

anti-coagulant

blocks platelet activation

Question 11

Nitric oxide (NO)

Answer 11

anti-coagulant

vasodilator

Question 12

CD39

Answer 12

anti-coagulant

inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 13

Tissue factor (TF)

Answer 13

coagulant

Question 14

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

Answer 14

coagulant

inhibits tPA

Question 15

P-selectin

Answer 15

coagulant

promotes cell adhesion

Question 16

Contents of alpha granules (platelets)

Answer 16

Coagulation factors (fibrinogen, vWF, coagulation factors V and VIII)
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

Question 17

Contents of dense granules (platelets)

Answer 17

ADP, ATP, and serotonin

Question 18

Steps of platelet activation

Answer 18

Platelet adhesion and shape change
Granule release
Platelet aggregation

Question 19

Vitamin K-dependent factors

Answer 19

II, VII, IX, and X

Question 20

PT (what it measures/ what’s wrong if it’s wrong)

Answer 20

Measures combined extrinsic pathway and common pathways

If it’s wrong, deficiency with fibrinogen, prothrombin, FV, FX, or FVII

Question 21

APTT (what it measures/ what’s wrong if it’s wrong)

Answer 21

Intrinsic and common pathways

If it’s wrong, deficiency with fibrinogen, prothrombin, FV, FX, FXII, FXI, FIX, or FVIII

Question 22

TCT (what it measures/ what’s wrong if it’s wrong)

Answer 22

Measures common pathway only

If it’s wrong, deficiency with fibrinogen

Question 23

Bleeding time/ PFA (what it measures/ what’s wrong if it’s wrong)

Answer 23

Measures platelet function

If it’s wrong, deficiency with platelets