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Spring 2013 > Mammalian Final! > Flashcards

Mammalian Final! Flashcards

1
Q

Regions of skull (2)

A

Neurocranium

Facial skeleton

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2
Q

Embryological origins of skull (2)

A

Nerual crest

Mesoderm

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3
Q

Ossification types of skull (2)

A

Endochondral ossification

Intramembranous ossification

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4
Q

Phylogenetic origins of skull (3)

A

Chondrocranium
Splanchnocranium
Dermatocranium

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5
Q

Regions of occipital bone (3)

A

Supraoccipital
Ex-occipitals
Basioccipital

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6
Q

Function of occipital series

A

Protects otic capsule

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7
Q

Regions of sphenoid bone (5)

A 
Basisphenoid
Presphenoid
Orbitosphenoid (optic capsule)
Alisphenoid (greater wing)
Pterygoid process
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8
Q

Function of sphenoid series

A

Protects optic cavities

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9
Q

Regions of ethmoid bone (3)

A

Turbinates
Perpendicular plate
Cribiform plate

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10
Q

Cribiform plate function

A

Brain rests on it

Olfactory nerve travels through cribiform foramina

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11
Q

Meckel’s cartilage

what is it derived from, what does it contribute to later

A

Derived from splanchnocranium

Contributes to mandible in later mammals

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12
Q

Splanchnocranium contribution

A

1st pair of cartilaginous rods becomes jaws
Forms hyoid bone and part of larynx
Contributes to ossicles

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13
Q

Phylogenetic skull region with jaw articulation (uniquely to mammals) ((where did it shift from?))

A

Dermatocranium

Shifted from splanchnocranium; quadrate-articular joint

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14
Q

Bones contributing to facial vault in dermatocranium (3)

A

Frontal
Parietal
Interparietal

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15
Q

Bones contributing to facial skeleton in dermatocranium (3)

A

Maxilla
Nasal
Incisive (premaxilla)

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16
Q

Primary palate comes from which phylogenetic region of skull?

A

Chondrocranium

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17
Q

Secondary palate comes from which phylogenetic region of skull? Which bones are responsible?

A

Dermatocranium

Maxilla fusing together

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18
Q

Bones contributing to lateral walls of nasal cavity (4)

A

Pterygoids
Palatine
Maxilla
Premaxilla

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19
Q

Bones contributing to floor (palate) of nasal cavity (3)

A

Palatine
Maxilla
Premaxilla

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20
Q

Bones contributing to median wall of nasal cavity (2)

A

Vomer

Perpendicular plate

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21
Q

Bones contributing to orbital skeleton (5)

A 
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Palatine
Frontal
Sphenoid
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22
Q

Regions of temporal bone (3)

A

Pterous portion
Squamous portion
Ossicles and styloid

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23
Q

Developmental origins of teeth and what each origin contributes (2)

A

Ectoderm; ridge forms dental lamina

Neural crest; condenses to form dental papillae

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24
Q

Tooth cell populations (2)

A

Ameloblasts

Odontoblasts

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25
Q

Tooth materials (4)

A

Dentine
Enamel
Cementum
Pulp

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26
Q

Location of odontoblasts; what they produce

A

Core of tooth

Produce dentine

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27
Q

Location of ameloblasts; what they produce

A

Outside of tooth

Produce enamel

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28
Q

Enamel structure, composition, cellularity

A

Highly crystalline
Made of hydroxyapetite
Acellular (ameloblasts die after its production)
Hardest structure in vertebrates

29
Q

Dentine structure, composition, cellularity

A

Tubular
Made of hydroxyapetite with some collagen
Cytoplasmic extensions of odontoblasts responsible for tubes

30
Q

Pulp contribution and origin

A

Contains blood vessels and nerves

Derived from neural crest

31
Q

Cementum function, composition, and cellularity

A

Holds tooth in place
Composition similar to bone
Acellular near crown, but cellular at apex

32
Q

Bradydont teeth (shape and animals they’re found in)

A

Short

Found in not-herbivores

33
Q

Hypsodont teeth (shape, animals they’re found in, and distinguishing feature)

A

High-crowning
Found in herbivores
Crown covered by cementum; wears down with age

34
Q

Thecodont teeth (distinguishing feature, what they allow for)

A

Teeth with well-defined sockets
Alveolar bones create sockets
Distinguishing feature of mammals
Allow for precise occlusion; crushing and shearing

35
Q

Tricodont teeth (what are they, where are they found)

A

Teeth with 3 cusps

Found in early, non-heterodont animals

36
Q

Tribosphenic teeth (what are they, what do they confer)

A

Triangular teeth with 3 cusps on different planes

Giver staggered occlusion, teeth mesh together well

37
Q

Feature of upper tribosphenic teeth (1)

A

3 cusps referred to as trigon

38
Q

Features of lower tribosphenic teeth (2)

A

3 cusps referred to as trigonid

Additional shelf jutting out is talonid

39
Q

Where are rootless teeth found? what does rootless mean?

A

Found in rodents

Pulp cavity remains open throughout life

40
Q

Diphydonts (what they are, what it’s good for)

A

Animals who get 2 sets of teeth
True molars aren’t replaced
Defining feature of mammals
Adaptation for growing cranium

41
Q

Heterdonts

A

Specialization between teeth (i.e. molars AND incisors AND canines)
Only found in larger mammals

42
Q

Labial

A

side of teeth facing lips

43
Q

Lingual

A

side of teeth facing oral cavity

44
Q

Mesial

A

towards face

45
Q

Distal

A

towards back of mouth

46
Q

Dental formula order

A

canines:incisors:molars:pre-molars

47
Q

Edentate

A

no teeth

48
Q

Action of molars in carnivores

A

shearing

49
Q

Structure for filter-feeding in whales

A

bayleen

50
Q

Action of molars in herbivores

A

grinding

51
Q

Only mastication muscle found in non-mammals

A

Adductor mandibulae

52
Q

Bones composing jaw in earlier mammals

A

Dentary
Angular
Surangular
(all dermatocranium)

53
Q

Symphyseal surface

A

site of fusion between dentary bones

54
Q

Nerve innervating jaw (and sensory, motor, or mixed?)

A

V3 Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

mixed

55
Q

Name of sensory part of V3 mandibular nerve (and where does it travel?)

A

inferior alveolar

travels inside body of mandible

56
Q

Site of Novocaine injection

A

mandibular foramen

57
Q

Alternative name for TMJ

A

dentary-squamosal joint

58
Q

TMJ type of joint

A

synovial

59
Q

What separates two articular surfaces of TMJ

A

articular disc

60
Q

What jaw feature limits protrusion and retraction

A

rostral and caudal tubercules

61
Q

Types of jaw movement (4)

A

protrusion
retraction
elevation
depression

62
Q

Progression of jaw joint types

A

from quadrate-articular to temporomandibular

63
Q

Role of quadrate and articular bones in current mammals

A

middle ear bones

64
Q

Herbivory jaw adaptations (2)

A

very large masseter

TMJ lies well above occlusal plane

65
Q

Carnivory jaw adaptations (2)

A

large temporalis to generate shearing force

TMJ lies close to occlusal plane

66
Q

Optic nerve II (sensory, motor, or both)

A

sensory

67
Q

Occulomotor nerve III (sensory, motor, or both? where does it enter skull from? what does it do?

A

motor
passes through superior orbital fissure
somatic innervation: to all the extrinsic eye muscles except lateral rectus and superior oblique)
visceral innervation: to ciliary body and sphincter pupillae

68
Q

Trochlear nerve IV (sensory, motor or both? and to what?)

A

motor

to superior oblique

69
Q

Abducens nerve VI (sensory, motor or both? and to what?)

A

motor

to lateral rectus

Spring 2013 (31 decks)

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