Biology of Blood Diseases Unit 2

Question 1

Acute inflammation compared to Chronic

Answer 1

• Immediate and rapid
• Innate immunity
• Neutrophils predominant
• Lasts hours-weeks
• Prominent vascular response

Question 2

Chronic inflammation compared to Acute

Answer 2

• Persistent and slow
• Cell-mediated immunity
• Mononuclear cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells) predominant
• Lasts weeks to years
• Less prominent vascular response

Question 3

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 3

• redness
• heat
• swelling
• pain

Question 4

Band neutrophil

Answer 4

Latest stage of immature neutrophil, analogous to reticulocyte for RBC

Question 5

Myeloblast

Answer 5

Progenitor of GM-CFU, can differentiate into neutrophil or macrophage

Question 6

Sequence of events of neutrophil responding to pathogenic insult

Answer 6

1) Margination
2) Adhesion
3) Emigration to chemotactic stimulus
4) Phagocytosis and intracellular degradation (“oxidative burst”)
5) Extracellular release of leukocyte products

Question 7

Lifespan of circulating neutrophils

Answer 7

6-10 hours

Question 8

Exudate

Answer 8

high protein content edema (specific gravity > 1.015)

Question 9

Transudate

Answer 9

low protein content edema (specific gravity < 1.015)

Question 10

Most important bacteria causing meningitis

Answer 10

• Haemophilus influenzae b

- Neisseria meningitidis

Question 11

Vasoactive mediators

Answer 11

anaphylatoxins:

• C4a
• C3a
• C5a

Question 12

Chemoattractant

Answer 12

-C5a

Question 13

Osponin (and function)

Answer 13

-C3b

molecule that, when coated on a pathogen, enhances phagocytosis

Question 14

Functions of complement

Answer 14

• promote IgG-mediated cell killing
• promote vascular permeability
• coat foreign bacteria to mark destruction
• generates chemotaxins and pokes holes in bacteria