Biol 441 exam 3 Flashcards
Tension
Scalar? Vector? or x order tensor?
2nd order tensor
Strain
what is it?
the percentage of a material that has lengthened or shortened in response to stress applied to it
Strain
Scalar? Vector? or x order tensor?
2nd order tensor
Elastic resistance
Scalar? Vector? or x order tensor?
4th order tensor
Elastic resistance
what is it?
ratio of stress to strain
Stress
what is it?
mechanical force per cross sectional area (f/m^2)
Young’s modulus
what is it? what is it large in? small in?
the slope of the curve of stress vs. strain
large in steel
small in rubber
Hooke’s Law
what is it?
the linear proportionality of stress to strain
When is something Hookeian?
when it’s Young’s modulus is constant
Curvature
what is it?
the angular change of the tangent line per distance
Radius of Curvature
what is it?
1/curvature
Curvature
Scalar? Vector? or x order tensor?
2nd order tensor
What is a 1st order tensor?
a vector
What is a 0th order tensor?
a scalar
Equation relating pressure, tension, and curvature
P = T * C
Tension is the same thing as…?
tensile stress
Electro-osmotic pressure
Scalar? Vector? or x order tensor?
scalar
Auxin’s effect on plants (5)
- they bend towards light
- the have greater elongation in the dark
- they bend upwards relative to gravity
- branching is inhibited near growing tips
- roots sprout at the bottom of the plant
Auxin does what to shoot sprouting?
inhibits it
Auxin does what to root sprouting?
encourage it
The better organic chemistry name for auxin:
indole acetic acid
types of meristems:
- shoot meristem
- root meristem
- lateral meristem
- floral meristem
Examples of apoptosis
- tail destruction in tadpoles
- destruction of cells between the lips and gums
- destruction of the cells between the fingers and toes
- destruction of cells of the neck to narrow it
- “necrotic zones” (should be apoptotic) in anterior and posterior limbs to narrow them
- 131 cells (mostly nerve) in C. elegans
- > 50% of motor and sensory nerves
- destruction of anti-self T-cells and B-cells
- destruction of virus-infected cells
- destruction of cells by chemotherapy
