Male Reproductive System Flashcards
testes
sperm-producing male gonads that lie within the scrotum
Sperm is delivered to body through system of ducts:
epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
accessory sex glands
seminal glands, prostate, bulbo-urethral glands
dartos muscle
layer of smooth muscle in superficial fascia that wrinkles skin
cremaster muscles
bands of skeletal muscle elevate testes
Each testis is surrounded by two tunics
tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea
tunica vaginalis
outer layer derived from peritoneum
tunica albuginea
inner layer forms fibrous capsule
septa divide testis into ~250 ___, each containing one to four ____ _____. Site of ____ production.
lobules, seminiferous tubules, sperm
Sperm is conveyed from seminiferous tubules to..
straight tubule -> rete testis -> efferent ductules -> epididymis
pampiniform venous plexus
testicular veins arise from here; it surrounds each testibular artery; keeps testes cool
spermatic cord
encloses nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics that supply testes
cryptorchidism
most common risk factor of testicular cancer; nondescent of testes
Accessory ducts
carry sperm from testes to body exterior: epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
head
contains efferent ductules that empty into highly coiled duct of epididymis
epididymis cell type
pseudostratified epithelial cells of duct mucosa contain microvilli; allows for absorption of excess testicular fluid and pass nutrients to stored sperm
ductus deferens
passes through inguinal canal to pelvic cavity
ampulla
ductus deferens expands to form this
ejaculatory duct
ampulla joins duct of seminal vesicle to form this
vasectomy
cutting and ligating ductus deferens
three regions of urethra
prostatic urethra; intermediate part (membranous urethra); spongy urethra
prostatic urethra
surrounded by prostate
intermediate part of the urethra (membranous urethra)
in urogenital diaphragm
spongy urethra
runs through penis; opens at external urethral orifice
penis
male copulatory organ
external genitalia
scrotum and penis
penis consists of:
root and shaft that ends in glans penis; prepuce/foreskin (cuff of loose skin covering glans)
erectile tissue
spongy network of connective tissue and smooth muscle with vascular spaces
corpus spongiosum
surrounds urethra and expands to form glans and bulb of penis
corpora cavernosa
paired dorsal erectile bodies
crura
proximal ends of corpora cavernosa surrounded by ischiocavernosus muscle; anchors penis to pubic arch
Male Perineum
diamond-shaped region between pubic symphysis, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities; suspends scrotum; contains root of penis and anus
seminal glands (seminal vesicles)
contains smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation; produces viscous alkaline seminal fluid; duct of glands joins ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct
prostate location & size
encircles urethra inferior to bladder; size of peach pit
prostate
consists of smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation; secretes milky, slightly acid fluid
prostate contains…
citrate, enzymes, prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Bulbo-urethral glands
pea-sized glands inferior to prostate; produce thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal (lubricate glans penis & neutralize traces of acidic urine in urethra)
benign prostatic hyperplasia
benign growth of stroma and glands of prostate constricts urethra making urination difficult leading to incomplete emptying
semen
milky-white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
semen contains…
fructose for ATP production, protects and activates sperm, and facilitates sperm movement
What does alkaline fluid do?
neutralizes acidity of male urethra and female vagina and enhances motility
