Ch 26 AA - The Reproductive System

Question 1

gametes

Answer 1

specialized cells for sexual reproduction

Question 2

sperm

Answer 2

gametes in males

Question 3

ova (eggs)

Answer 3

gametes in females

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

combination of genetic information contained within gametes

Question 5

zygote

Answer 5

formed when sperm and egg fuse

Question 6

gestation

Answer 6

development of fetus

Question 7

parturition

Answer 7

birth of baby

Question 8

male and female reproductive structures are ___ ___.

Answer 8

homologous structures

Question 9

homologous structures

Answer 9

share a common origin during development; ex: male testes & female ovaries, male penis & female clitoris

Question 10

primary sex organs (gonads)

Answer 10

testes (males) & ovaries (female)

Question 11

sex hormones (steroid hormones)

Answer 11

testosterone (males) & estrogens and progesterone (females)

Question 12

accessory reproductive organs

Answer 12

ducts, glands, and external genitalia

Question 13

HPG Axis interacting hormones

Answer 13

GnRH, FSH, LH, testosterone, and inhibin

Question 13

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis

Answer 13

production of gametes and sex hormones is regulated by sequence of hormonal events involving hypothalamus, anterior pituitary glands, and testes

Question 14

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 14

released from hypothalamus reaches anterior pituitary cells via hypophyseal portal system

Question 15

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 15

gonadotropins released from anterior pituitary

Question 16

exert negative feedback on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Answer 16

sex hormones

Question 17

exerts negative feedback on FSH release from anterior pituitary

Answer 17

inhibin

Question 18

Before puberty

Answer 18

low levels of circulating levels of steroidal sex hormones are enough to suppress secretion of GnRH by hypothalamus

Question 19

As puberty approaches

Answer 19

hypothalamus becomes less sensitive to inhibition by sex hormones; hypothalamus releases GnRH in pulselike manner

Question 20

Activation of the HPG Axis at Puberty

Answer 20

(1) anterior pituitary releases FSH and LH in response to increased GnRH levels (2) FSH and LH stimulate gonads to release more sex hormones from gonads (3) Threshold for inhibition of GnRH continues to rise resulting in more and more release of sex hormones (4) Sex hormones are released until adult pattern of hormone interaction is achieved

Question 21

sister chromatids

Answer 21

cell’s DNA is replicated during interphase

Question 21

homologous pairs of chromosomes

Answer 21

one member of each pair is from father and other is from mother; look alike and carry same genes that code for the same traits

Question 22

nonsister chromatids

Answer 22

within homologous pairs, chromatids of one chromosome are nonsister chromatids to other chromosome in pair

Question 23

crossing over

Answer 23

nonsister chromatids exchange DNA with each other; increases genetic variability

Question 24

human diploid number

Answer 24

46; 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 25

reduction division of meiosis

Answer 25

during meiosis I, homologous pairs separate from each other, reducing number of chromosomes from 2n to n

Question 26

equational division of meiosis

Answer 26

during meiosis II, sister chromatids separate and each daughter gets equal share of chromosomes