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A&P 2 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

ovaries

A

female gonads (secrete female sex hormones); paired structures flank the uterus

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2
Q

internal genitalia

A

located in pelvic cavity; includes ovaries and duct system (uterine tubes, uterus, vagina)

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3
Q

ovarian ligament

A

anchors ovary medially to uterus

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4
Q

suspensory ligament

A

anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall

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5
Q

mesovarium

A

suspends ovary

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6
Q

broad ligament

A

suspensory ligament and mesovarium are part of this; supports uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

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7
Q

blood supply for ovaries

A

ovarian arteries and ovarian branch of the uterine arteries

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8
Q

tunica albuginea

A

surrounds each ovary

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9
Q

ovarian follicles

A

tiny saclike structures embedded in cortex

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10
Q

immature egg

A

oocyte; found in ovarian follicles

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11
Q

tube system includes

A

uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

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12
Q

regions of the uterine tube

A

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

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13
Q

infundibulum

A

funnel-shaped opening into the peritoneal cavity; margin contains ciliated projections called fimbriae that drape over ovary

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14
Q

ampulla

A

forms half of uterine tube length; is site where fertilization usually occurs

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15
Q

isthmus

A

narrow medial third that empties into superolateral region of uterus

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16
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

oocyte is fertilized in peritoneal cavity or distal uterine tube and begins developing there

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17
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

spread of infection from reproductive tract to peritoneal cavity

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18
Q

uterus function

A

receive, retain, adn nourish fertilized ovum

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19
Q

position of uterus

A

anteverted: inclined forward (normal position); retroverted: inclined backward

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20
Q

uterus cervical canal

A

comminicates with vagina via external os and uterine body via internal os

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21
Q

cervical glands

A

secrete mucus that blocks sperm entry except during midcycle

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22
Q

vesicouterine pouch

A

sac of peritoneum around uterus; between bladder and uterus

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23
Q

rectouterine pouch

A

sac of peritoneum around uterus; between rectum and uterus

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24
Q

prolapse of the uterus

A

unsupported uterus may sink inferiorly, until tip of cervix protrudes through the external vaginal opening

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25
Q

three layers of uterine wall

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

26
Q

uterine wall perimetrium

A

outermost serous layer (visceral peritoneum)

27
Q

uterine wall myometrium

A

bulky middle layer consisting of interlacing layers of smooth muscle (contracts rhythmically during childbirth)

28
Q

uterine wall endometrium

A

mucosal lining; simple columnar epithelium on top of thick lamina propria; fertilized egg burrows into endometrium and resides there during development

29
Q

two chief layers (strata) of uterine wall endometrium

A

stratum functionalis (functional layer) and stratum basalis (basal layer)

30
Q

stratum functionalis (functional layer)

A

changes in response to ovarian hormone cycles; shed during menstruation

31
Q

stratum basalis (basal layer)

A

forms new stratum functionalis after menstruation; unresponsive to ovarian hormones

32
Q

uterine arteries arise from ___ ___ and branch into ____ arteries and ___ arteries

A

internal iliacs, arcuate, radial

33
Q

arcuate arteries

A

in myometrium; branch into radial arteries

34
Q

radial arteries

A

in endometrium; branch into straight arteries in stratum basalis and spiral arteries into stratum functionalis

35
Q

spiral arteries in stratum functionalis

A

degenerate and regenerate; spasms cause shedding of functionality layer during menstruation

36
Q

layers of vaginal wall

A

fibroelastic adventitia, smooth muscle muscularis, stratified squamous mucosa with rugae

37
Q

vaginal secretions are ___ in adult females but ___ in adolescents

A

acidic, alkaline

38
Q

hymen

A

mucosa near vaginal orifice

39
Q

vaginal fornix

A

upper end of vagina surrounding cervix

40
Q

female external genitalia (vulva/pudendum)

A

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, fourchette, greater vestibule glands, clitoris, bulbs of the vestibule

41
Q

mons pubis

A

fatty area overlying pubic symphysis

42
Q

labia majora

A

hair-covered, fatty skin folds; counterpart of male scrotum

43
Q

labia minora

A

skin folds lying within labia majora

44
Q

vestibule

A

recess within labia minora

45
Q

fourchette

A

ridge formed by joining of posterior vestibule and labia minora

46
Q

greater vestibular glands

A

flank vaginal opening; homologous to bulbo-urethral glands; release mucus into vestibule for lubrication

47
Q

clitoris

A

anterior to vestibule

48
Q

glans of the clitoris

A

exposed portion

49
Q

prepuce of the clitoris

A

hoods glans

50
Q

body of clitoris

A

has erectile tissue; counterpart of penis

51
Q

bulbs of the vestibule

A

lie along each side of orifice that engorge with blood during sexual stimulation

52
Q

female perineum

A

diamond-shaped region between pubic arch and coccyx; posterior ends of labia major overlie central tendon

53
Q

mammary glands

A

modified sweat glands consisting of 15-25 lobes

54
Q

areola

A

pigmented skin surrounding nipple

55
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

attach breast to underlying muscle

56
Q

lobules within lobes contain glandular ___ that produce ___

A

alveoli, milk

57
Q

milk is passed into ____ ____, then into ____ ____ that open to outside at nipple

A

lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinuses

58
Q

early detection of breast cancer can be done by a

A

mammography

59
Q

radial mastectomy

A

removes breast, with all underlying muscles, fascia, and associated lymph nodes

60
Q

lumpectomy

A

less invasive and excises only cancerous lump

60
Q

simple mastectomy

A

removes only breast tissue, sometimes axillar lymph nodes

A&P 2 (20 decks)

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