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A&P 2 > Exam 4 - Workbook > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathway of sperm from the testis to the urethra?

A

seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens

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2
Q

Tubular storage site for sperm; hugs the posterior aspect of the testes

A

epididymis

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3
Q

Cuff of skin encircling the glans penis

A

prepuce

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4
Q

Site of testosterone production

A

testes

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5
Q

Surrounds the urethra at the base of the bladder, produces a milky fluid.

A

prostate

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6
Q

Connective tissue sheath enclosing the ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves

A

spermatic cord

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7
Q

Passageway from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

A

ductus deferens

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8
Q

Produce more than half of the seminal fluid

A

seminal vesicles

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9
Q

Organ that delivers semen to the female reproductive tract

A

penis

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10
Q

Conveys both sperm and urine down the length of the penis

A

urethra

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11
Q

External skin sac that houses the testes

A

scrotum

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12
Q

spongy tissue

A

the erectile tissue in the penis

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13
Q

What duct also serves the urinary system?

A

urethra

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14
Q

structure that provides ideal temperature conditions

A

scrotum

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15
Q

removed at circumcision

A

prepuce

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16
Q

the glands producing a secretion that contains sugar

A

seminal vesicles

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17
Q

What is cut or cauterized during a vasectomy?

A

ductus deferens

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18
Q

site of spermatogenesis

A

seminiferous tubule

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19
Q

tubular structure in which sperm mature and become motile

A

epididymis

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20
Q

fibrous coat protecting the testis

A

tunica albuginea

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21
Q

primitive stem cell

A

spermatogonium

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22
Q

Contain 23 chromosomes and ______

A

secondary spermatocyte, sperm, spermatid

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23
Q

product of meiosis 1

A

secondary spermatocyte

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24
Q

product of meiosis 2

A

spermatid

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25
Q

functional motile gamete

A

sperm

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26
Q

two hormones necessary for sperm production

A

testosterone, FSH

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27
Q

DNA-containing area of sperm

A

nucleus

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28
Q

enzyme-containing sac that aids sperm penetration of the egg

A

acrosome

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29
Q

metabolically active organelles that provide ATP to energize sperm movement

A

mitochondria

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30
Q

the final product is two daughter cells, each with 46 chromosomes

A

mitosis

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31
Q

the final product is four daughter cells, each with 23 chromosomes

A

meiosis

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32
Q

this process involves the phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

A

mitosis and meiosis

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33
Q

this process occurs in all body tissues

A

mitosis

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34
Q

this process occurs only in the gonads

A

meiosis

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35
Q

this process increases the cell number for growth and repair

A

mitosis

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36
Q

daughter cells have the same number and types of chromosomes as the mother cell

A

mitosis

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37
Q

daughter cells are different from the mother cell in their chromosomal makeup

A

meiosis

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38
Q

chromosomes are replicated before the division process begins

A

mitosis and meiosis

39
Q

this process provides cells for the reproduction of offspring

A

meiosis

40
Q

this process consists of two consecutive divisions of the nucleus; chromosomes are not replicated before the second division

A

meiosis

41
Q

chamber that houses the developing fetus

A

uterus

42
Q

canal that receives the penis during sexual intercourse

A

vagina

43
Q

usual site of fertilization

A

uterine/fallopian tube

44
Q

erects during sexual stimulation (female)

A

clitoris

45
Q

duct through which the ovum travels to reach the uterus

A

uterine tube

46
Q

membrane that partially closes the vaginal canal

A

hymen

47
Q

primary female reproductive organ

A

ovary

47
Q

move to create fluid currents to draw the ovulated egg into the uterine (fallopian) tube

A

fimbriae

48
Q

lining of the uterus

A

endometrium

49
Q

muscular layer of the uterus

A

myometrium

50
Q

pathway along which an egg travels from the time of its release to its implantation

A

uterine tube

51
Q

ligament helping to anchor the uterus

A

the round ligament

52
Q

structure producing female hormones and gametes

A

ovary

53
Q

homologue of the male scrotum

A

labium majus

54
Q

forming part of the primary follicle in the ovary

A

primary oocyte

55
Q

in the uterine tube before fertilization

A

secondary oocyte

56
Q

in the mature, or Graafian, follicle of the ovary

A

secondary oocyte

57
Q

in the uterine tube shortly after sperm penetration

A

ovum

58
Q

cells that produce estrogen

A

follicle (granulosa) cells

59
Q

grandular structure that produces progesterone

A

corput luteum

60
Q

oocytes

A

central cells in all follicles

61
Q

Are there any oogonia in a mature female’s ovary?

A

no

62
Q

Into what area is the ovulated cell released?

A

peritoneal cavity

63
Q

When is a mature ovum (egg) produced in humans?

A

after sperm penetration occurs

64
Q

What structure in the ovary becomes a corpus luteum?

A

ruptured (ovulated) follicle

65
Q

What are the four final cell types produced by oogenesis in the female?

A

one ovum; three polar bodies

66
Q

What is the final product of spermatogenesis in males?

A

four spermatids (sperm)

67
Q

What happens to the tiny cells nearly devoid of cytoplasm ultimately produced during oogenesis?

A

they deteriorate because they lack nutrient-containing cytoplasm

68
Q

What name is given to the period of a woman’s life when her ovaries begin to become nonfunctional?

A

menopause

69
Q

promotes growth of ovarian follicles and production of estrogen

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

70
Q

triggers ovulation

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

71
Q

inhibit follicle-stimulating hormone release by the anterior pituitary

A

estrogen and progesterone

72
Q

stimulates luteinizing hormone release by the anterior pituitary

A

estrogen

73
Q

converts the ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum and causes it to produce progesterone and estrogen

A

LH

74
Q

maintains the hormonal production of the corpus luteum

A

LH

75
Q

Lack of this causes the blood vessels to kink and the endometrium to slough off (menses)

A

estrogens and progesterone

76
Q

this hormone causes the endometrial glands to begin the secretion of nutrients

A

progesterone

77
Q

the endometrium is repaired and grows thick and velvety

A

estrogens

78
Q

this hormone maintains the myometrium in an inactive state if implantation of an embryo has occurred

A

progesterone

79
Q

glands are formed in the endometrium

A

estrogens

80
Q

this hormone is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics of females

A

estrogens

81
Q

What portion of the sperm actually enters the oocyte?

A

just its head (the nucleus)

82
Q

the fertilized egg

A

zygote

83
Q

secretes estrogen and progesterone to maintain the pregnancy

A

placenta

84
Q

cooperate to form the placenta

A

chorionic villi and endometrium

85
Q

fluid-filled sac surrounding the developing embryo/fetus

A

amnion

86
Q

attaches embryo to the placenta

A

umbilical cord

87
Q

finger-like projections of the blastocyte

A

chorionic villi

88
Q

embryo after 8 weeks

A

fetus

89
Q

the organ that delivers nutrients to and disposes of wastes for the fetus

A

placenta

90
Q

which two hormones are essential to initiate labor in humans

A

oxytocin and prostaglandins

91
Q

which hormone is responsible for milk production? milk ejection?

A

prolactin; oxytocin

92
Q

Labor is an example of a positive feedback mechanism. What does that mean?

A

The response to the stimulus enhances the stimulus. The more a baby descends into the pelvis and stretches the uterus, the more oxytocin is produced and the stronger the contractions become.

A&P 2 (20 decks)

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