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A&P 2 > Ch. 21 AA > Flashcards

Ch. 21 AA Flashcards

1
Q

Major functions of respiratory system

A

supply body with O2 for cellular respiration and dispose of CO2

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1
Q

respiration involves four processes

A

pulmonary ventilation (breathing), external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, internal respiration

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2
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

movement of air into and out of lungs

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3
Q

external respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and blood

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4
Q

respiratory system

A

pulmonary ventilation, external respiration

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5
Q

circulatory system

A

transport, internal respiration

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6
Q

internal respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between systemic blood vessels and tissues

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7
Q

Major upper respiratory organs

A

nose and nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx

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8
Q

major lower respiratory organs

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi and branches, lungs and aveoli

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9
Q

Nose Function

A

produces mucus; filters, warms, and moistens incoming air; resonance chamber for speech

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10
Q

paranasal sinuses function

A

lighten skull; warm, moisten, and filter incoming air

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11
Q

pharynx function

A

facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens

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12
Q

larynx function

A

air passageway; prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract

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13
Q

trachea function

A

air passageway; cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air

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14
Q

bronchial tree

A

air passageways connecting trachea with alveoli; cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air

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15
Q

alveoli function

A

main sites of gas exchange

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16
Q

lungs function

A

house respiratory passages smaller than the main bronchi

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17
Q

pleurae function

A

produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalize lungs

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18
Q

only external portion of respiratory system

A

nose

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19
Q

two regions of nose

A

external nose, nasal cavity

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20
Q

external nose areas

A

root (area between eyebrows); bridge dorsum nasi (anterior margin); apex (tip of nose)

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21
Q

nostrils

A

bounded laterally by alae

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22
Q

posterior nasal apertures (choanae)

A

opening where nasal cavity turns into nasopharynx

23
Q

nasal vestibule

A

nasal cavity superior to nostrils

24
Q

vibrissae

A

hairs that line the nasal vestibule; filter coarse particles from inspired air

25
Q

olfactory mucosa

A

lines superior region of nasal cavity and contains olfactory epithelium

26
Q

respiratory mucosa

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium that contains goblet cells and rests on lamina propria that contains many seromucous nasal glands

27
Q

nasal conchae

A

scroll-like, mucosa-covered projections that protrude medially from each lateral wall of nasal cavity

28
Q

three sections of nasal conchae

A

superior, middle, and inferior conchae

29
Q

nasal meatus

A

groove inferior to each concha

30
Q

shape of the nasal conchae helpt o

A

increase mucosal area; enhance air turbulence

31
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

form ring around nasal cavities

32
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of nasal mucosa

33
Q

pharynx

A

funnel-shaped muscular tube that runs from base of skull to vertebra C6

34
Q

three regions of pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

35
Q

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

A

located on posterior wall of nasopharynx

36
Q

nasopharynx

A

soft palate and uvula close it during swallowing

37
Q

pharyngotympanic tubes (auditory tubes)

A

drain and equalize pressure in middle ear and open into lateral walls

38
Q

oropharynx

A

passageway for food and air from level of soft palate to epiglottis; lining consists of stratified squamous epithelium

39
Q

isthmus of fauces

A

opening to oral cavity

40
Q

palatine tonsils

A

located in lateral walls of fauces

41
Q

lingual tonsil

A

located on posterior surface of tongue

42
Q

laryngopharynx

A

passageway for food and air; extends to larynx, where it is continuous with esophagus; lined with stratified squamous epithelium

43
Q

lower respiratory system consists of

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

44
Q

respiratory zone

A

site of gas exhange; respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

45
Q

conducting zone

A

conduits that transport gas to and from gas exchange sites

46
Q

three functions of larynx

A

provides patent airway; routes air and food into proper channels; voice production

47
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

large, shield-shaped cartilage taht resembles and upright open book; “spine” is laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

48
Q

nine hyaline cartilages in larynx

A

cricoid; paired arytenoid; paired cuneiform; paired corniculate

49
Q

epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage; covers laryngeal inlet during swallowing; covered in taste bud-containing mucosa

50
Q

vocal ligaments (true vocal cords)

A

form core of vocal folds

51
Q

glottis

A

opening between vocal folds

52
Q

vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

A

no part in sound production; help to close glottis during swallowing

53
Q

epithelium of larynx

A

superior portion: stratified squamous epithelium; inferior to vocal fold: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

54
Q
A

A&P 2 (20 decks)

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