Ch. 17 - Part A Flashcards
Side of heart that receives oxygen-poor blood from tissues
right side
The right side pumps blood to lungs via the…
pulmonary circuit
Side of heart that receives oxygenated blood from lungs
left side
The left side pumps blood to body tissues via the…
systemic circuit
Receiving chambers of heart
right and left atrium
right atrium
receives blood returning from systemic circuit (deoxygenated)
left atrium
receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit (oxygenated)
pumping chambers of heart
right and left ventricles
right ventricle
pumps blood through pulmonary circuit
left ventricle
pumps blood through systemic circuit
pericardium layers
fibrous and serous
serous pericardium layers
parietal and visceral
myocardium
circular or spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
epicardium
visceral layer of serous pericardium
cardiac skeleton
crisscrossing, interlacing layers of connective tissue
cardiac skeleton functions
anchors cardiac muscle fibers, supports vessels and valves, limits spread of action potentials to specific paths
four chambers
two superior atria and two inferior ventricles
separates atria
interatrial septum
three veins empty into right atrium
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
superior vena cava
returns blood from body regions above the diaphragm
inferior vena cava
returns blood from body regions below the diaphragm
coronary sinus
returns blood from coronary veins
papillary muscles
project into ventricular cavity
right ventricle pumps blood into..
pulmonary trunk
left ventricle pumps blood into
aorta
How are ventricles different from atria?
thicker walls, actual pumps of heart
two major types of valves
atrioventricular and semilunar
atrioventricular valves
prevent backflow into atria when ventricles contract
semilunar valves
prevent backflow from major arteries back into ventricles
two semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic
incompetent valve
blood backflows so hear repumps same blood over and over
vavular stenosis
stiff flaps constrict opening, heart needs to exert for force to pump blood
Pathway of blood through right side of heart
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, right atrium, triscupid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilumar valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries lungs
Pathway of blood through left side of heart
four pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, sortic semilunar valve, aorta, systemic circulation
left coronary artery branches
anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
right coronary artery branches
right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery
cardiac veins
collect blood from capillary beds
coronary sinus
empties into right atrium
angina pectoris
thoracic pain caused by fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to myocardium
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
prolonged coronary blockage
cardiac muscle
striated, short, branched, fat, interconnected
cardiac muscle contains
lots of mitochondria and the rest is sarcomeres
functional syncytium
a single coordinated unit
what allows the heart to be a functional syncytium
desmosomes and gap junctions
two kinds of myocites
contractile and pacemaker
