Ch 16 - Blood

Question 1

Functions of blood

Answer 1

transport, regulation, protection

Question 2

Blood tissue type

Answer 2

only fluid tissue; connective tissue

Question 3

____ is a nonliving fluid called ___

Answer 3

matrix; plasma

Question 4

Formed elements

Answer 4

erythrocytes (RBCs); leukocytes (WBCs); platelets

Question 5

spun tube of blood layers (bottom to top)

Answer 5

erythrocytes, WBCs, plasma

Question 6

hematocrit

Answer 6

percent of blood volume that is RBCs

Question 7

Buffy coat

Answer 7

thin, whitish layer between RBCs and plasma layers

Question 8

Albumin

Answer 8

plasma protein; carrier of other molecules, blood buffer, contributes to plasma osmotic pressure

Question 9

Which formed element has the only complete cells

Answer 9

WBCs

Question 10

RBCs have no….

Answer 10

nuclei or other organelles

Question 11

What provides erythrocytes with the flexibility to change shape?

Answer 11

the plasma membrane protein spectrin

Question 12

Erythrocyte shape

Answer 12

biconcave disc

Question 13

RBCs have no mitochondria bc..

Answer 13

ATP production is anaerobic, so they don’t consume O2 they transport

Question 14

hemoglobin structure

Answer 14

four poly peptide chains - 2 alpha and 2 beta; four heme groups

Question 15

Function of Erythrocytes

Answer 15

O2 loading in lungs; O2 unloading in tissues; CO2 loading in tissues

Question 16

Erythrocyte O2 loading in lungs

Answer 16

produces oxyhemoglobin (ruby red)

Question 17

Erythrocytes O2 unloading in tissues

Answer 17

produces deoxyhemoglobin, or reduced hemoglobin (dark red)

Question 18

Erythrocytes CO2 loading in tissues

Answer 18

CO2 in blood binds to hemoglobin, producing carbaminohemoglobin

Question 19

hematopoiesis

Answer 19

formation of all blood cells

Question 20

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 20

red bone marrow

Question 21

hematopoiesis stem cells (hemocytoblasts)

Answer 21

stem cell that gives rise to all formed elements; hormones and growth factors push cell toward specific pathway of blood cell development

Question 22

erythropoiesis

Answer 22

process of formation of RBCs that takes about 15 days

Question 23

Erythropoiesis stages (1-4)

Answer 23

(1) hematopoietic stem cell: transforms into myeloid stem cell; (2) myeloid stem cell: transforms into proerythroblast; (3) proerythroblast: divides many times, transforming into basophilic erythroblasts; (4) basophilic erythroblasts: synthesize many ribosomes, which stain blue

Question 24

Erythropoiesis stages (5-8)

Answer 24

(5) polychromatic erythroblasts: synthesize large amounts of red-hued hemoglobin; (6) orthochromatic erythroblasts: eject most organelles, nucleus degrades, causing concave shape; (7) reticulocytes: still contain small amount of ribosomes; (8) mature erythrocytes: ribosomes degrade, transforming into mature RBC