Ch. 22 AA

Question 1

alimentary canal

Answer 1

continuous muscular tube that runs from the mouth to anus

Question 2

organs of the alimentary canal

Answer 2

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Question 3

accessory digestive organs

Answer 3

teeth, tongue, gallbladder

Question 4

Digestive process

Answer 4

ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, digestion, absorption, defecation

Question 5

ingestion

Answer 5

eating

Question 6

propulsion

Answer 6

movement of food through alimentary canal

Question 7

peristalisis

Answer 7

major means of propulsion of food that involves alternating waves of contraction and relaxation

Question 8

mechanical breakdown

Answer 8

includes chewing, mixing food with saliva, churning food in stomach, and segmentation

Question 9

segmentation

Answer 9

local constriction of intestine that mixes food with digestive juices

Question 10

digestion

Answer 10

series of catabolic steps that involves enzymes that break down complex food molecules into chemical building blocks

Question 11

absorption

Answer 11

passage of digested fragments from lumen of GI tract into blood or lymph

Question 12

defecation

Answer 12

elimination of indigestible substances via anus in form of feces

Question 13

peritoneum

Answer 13

serous membranes of abdominal cavity that consists of: visceral and parietal peritoneum

Question 14

visceral peritoneum

Answer 14

membrane on external surface of most digestive organs

Question 15

parietal peritoneum

Answer 15

membrane that lines body wall

Question 16

peritoneal cavity

Answer 16

fluid-filled space between two peritoneums

Question 17

mesentary

Answer 17

double layer of peritoneum; layers are fused back to back

Question 18

Four basic layers (tunics) of digestive organs

Answer 18

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 19

mucosa

Answer 19

tunic layer that lines lumen

Question 20

mucosa secretes

Answer 20

mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones

Question 21

mucosa absorbs

Answer 21

end products of digestion

Question 22

mucosa protects

Answer 22

against infectious disease

Question 23

three sublayers of mucosa

Answer 23

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

Question 24

epithelium

Answer 24

simple columnar epithelium and mucus-secreting cells in most of tract; secretes mucus

Question 25

mouth, esophagus, and anus are made up of

Answer 25

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 26

lamina propria

Answer 26

made of loose areolar connective tissue; many capillaries needed for nourishment and absorption located here

Question 27

muscularis mucosae

Answer 27

smooth muscle that produces local movements of mucosa

Question 28

submucosa

Answer 28

consists of areolar connective tissue; has elastic tissues that help organs to regain shape after storing large meal

Question 29

muscularis externa

Answer 29

muscle layer responsible for segmentation and peristalisis

Question 30

serosa

Answer 30

outermost, layer, which is made up of the visceral peritonium; connective tissue covered with mestothelium (single layer of squamous epithelium)

Question 31

the serosa is replaced with ___ in esophagus

Answer 31

adventitia (holds it to surrounding structures)

Question 32

splanchnic circulation

Answer 32

arteries that branch off aorta to serve digestive organs; hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries; inferior and superior mesenteric arteries

Question 33

hepatic portal circulation

Answer 33

drains nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs; delivers blood to liver for processing

Question 34

enteric nervous system

Answer 34

nervous system of GI tract; also called gut brain; contains more neurons than spinal cord

Question 35

submucosal nerve plexus

Answer 35

regulates glands and smooth muscle in mucosa

Question 36

myenteric nerve plexus

Answer 36

controls GI tract motility

Question 37

short reflexes

Answer 37

mediated by enteric nerve plexuses; respond to stimuli in GI tract

Question 38

long reflexes

Answer 38

respond to stimuli arising inside or outside of gut