Male reproductive system

Question 1

Describe the function of the scrotum

Answer 1

• support the testes
• cremaster muscle can move the closer or further away
• function= seman produce 7 degrees below body heat

Question 2

Name the male gonad

Answer 2

Testies

Question 3

Describe the function of the cremaster muscle

Answer 3

-raise and drop scrotum for temperature control

Question 4

Describe the location and function of the tunica albuginea

Answer 4

–Tunica Albuginea- dense white connective tissue covering testis-

Question 5

Describe the location and function of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 5

–Seminiferous tubules- tightly coiled tubules where sperm is produced

Question 6

Describe the location and function of the straight tubules

Answer 6

• when the seminiferous tubules straighten out and leave the testis
• transport sperm which form the network of tubules

Question 7

Describe the location and function of the rete testis

Answer 7

-exit the testis to the epididymis (where sperm maturation and storage occurs for 1-30 days

Question 8

Describe the location and function of the interstitial cells

Answer 8

-in between the seminiferous tubules are the cells that make testosterone

Question 9

Describe spermatogenesis and the hormones involved (5-10 weeks)

Answer 9

• spermatogonia are diploid cells that can undergo mitosis
• close to 300 million sperm are made each day starting at puberty till death
• a spermatogonium can either recycle or become sperm— enlarges to become
• primary spermatocytes (meiosis !) and becomes
• secondary spermatocytes (meiosis II) and becomes
• spermatid- a haploid and undergoes spermiogenesis to mature into a spermatozoa (sperm)

-Testosterone is necessary for this process, but FSH is the main component (released from the anterior pituitary gland)

Question 10

name the parts of the mature spermatozoan

Answer 10

• head has nucleus with 23 chromosomes
• the acrosome is the (cap) that contain enzymes to break through the egg wall
• the midpiece has numerous mitochondria for energy production (ATP)
• the tail allows for motility

Question 11

describe signs of puberty in the male

Answer 11

• Sperm in the ejaculate
• sex drive
• hair growth on specific sites on the body
• muscle enlargement
• enlargement of the sex organs
• lowering voice

Question 12

describe the glands that makes and the function of testosterone

Answer 12

• Made by the interstitial cells of the testis

- has a negative feedback on LH and GnRH

Question 13

describe the glands that makes and the function of GnRH

Answer 13

• Made by hypothalamus
• this is the inciting hormone for puberty
• stimulates the pituitary gland to make FSH, ICSH, and Inhibin

Question 14

describe the glands that makes and the function of FSH

Answer 14

• Made by brain

- Stimulates Spermatogenesis

Question 15

describe the glands that makes and the function of LH (ICSH)

Answer 15

• Made by brain

- stimulates the interstitial cells to make testosterone

Question 16

describe the glands that makes and the function Inhibin

Answer 16

• made by the testes

- inhibits FSH (which stimulates spermatogenesis)

Question 17

Describe the 3 parts of the epididymis and its general functions

Answer 17

• Head
• Body
• Tail
• it is the site for sperm maturation and storage

Question 18

Name the passageway through the abdominal wall that the spermatic cord runs through

Answer 18

• Inguinal canal

- often where hemorrhoids happen, because there is a weakness in the body caviety

Question 19

Name the structures found in the spermatic cord

Answer 19

• Vas deferens
• Testicular A&V
• Lymphatics
• Nerves

Question 20

Trace the path of sperm from the testies to the uretheral orifice during ejactuation.

Answer 20

-From the testes sperm enters the epididymis then pass through the vas deferens into the urethra

Question 21

name the structure that serves as a passage for borth urine and sperm

Answer 21

-Urethra

Question 22

list the 3 subdivisions of the male urethra

Answer 22

• prostatic urethra runs through prostate glands
• membranous urethra passes from prostate to penis
• penile= spongy urethra courses through the penis

Question 23

Name the male accessory sex glands and describe their functions

Answer 23

• Prostate (1)
• seminal vesicles (2)
• bulbourethral gland (2)
• all contribute to semen, allows a fluid for sperm to swim, nutrients for them to survive, and is alkaline to neutralize the acidity of the vag

Question 24

Name the erectile tissue of the penis. which contains the urethra.

Answer 24

-the corpus spongiosum in the center surrounding the urethra, the larger lateral bodies of the erectile tissue are the corpora cavernosa

Question 25

Name the membrane covering the glans penis

Answer 25

-prepuce (foreskin)

Question 26

Describe the physiologic mechanisms of an erection

Answer 26

• Vascular
• increased blood flow to penis due to parasympathetic stimulation which fills the erectile tissue and squishes the vein exiting the penis (trapping the blood)

Question 27

Describe the male orgasm (emission and ejaculation

Answer 27

• SNS initiates the orgasm
• the emission phase moves sperm to the beginning of the urethra and mixes with the accessory gland fluids
• ejaculation is the movement of the semen out of the penis

Question 28

Describe the contents of semen. About how much is in a normal ejaculate, How many spermatozoa in a normal ejactulation

Answer 28

• sperm plus accessory sex glands fluids
• 2.5-5 ml
• 300,000,000 sperm per ejaculation