Male reproductive system Flashcards
Describe the function of the scrotum
- support the testes
- cremaster muscle can move the closer or further away
- function= seman produce 7 degrees below body heat
Name the male gonad
Testies
Describe the function of the cremaster muscle
-raise and drop scrotum for temperature control
Describe the location and function of the tunica albuginea
–Tunica Albuginea- dense white connective tissue covering testis-
Describe the location and function of the seminiferous tubules
–Seminiferous tubules- tightly coiled tubules where sperm is produced
Describe the location and function of the straight tubules
- when the seminiferous tubules straighten out and leave the testis
- transport sperm which form the network of tubules
Describe the location and function of the rete testis
-exit the testis to the epididymis (where sperm maturation and storage occurs for 1-30 days
Describe the location and function of the interstitial cells
-in between the seminiferous tubules are the cells that make testosterone
Describe spermatogenesis and the hormones involved (5-10 weeks)
- spermatogonia are diploid cells that can undergo mitosis
- close to 300 million sperm are made each day starting at puberty till death
- a spermatogonium can either recycle or become sperm— enlarges to become
- primary spermatocytes (meiosis !) and becomes
- secondary spermatocytes (meiosis II) and becomes
- spermatid- a haploid and undergoes spermiogenesis to mature into a spermatozoa (sperm)
-Testosterone is necessary for this process, but FSH is the main component (released from the anterior pituitary gland)
name the parts of the mature spermatozoan
- head has nucleus with 23 chromosomes
- the acrosome is the (cap) that contain enzymes to break through the egg wall
- the midpiece has numerous mitochondria for energy production (ATP)
- the tail allows for motility
describe signs of puberty in the male
- Sperm in the ejaculate
- sex drive
- hair growth on specific sites on the body
- muscle enlargement
- enlargement of the sex organs
- lowering voice
describe the glands that makes and the function of testosterone
- Made by the interstitial cells of the testis
- has a negative feedback on LH and GnRH
describe the glands that makes and the function of GnRH
- Made by hypothalamus
- this is the inciting hormone for puberty
- stimulates the pituitary gland to make FSH, ICSH, and Inhibin
describe the glands that makes and the function of FSH
- Made by brain
- Stimulates Spermatogenesis
describe the glands that makes and the function of LH (ICSH)
- Made by brain
- stimulates the interstitial cells to make testosterone
describe the glands that makes and the function Inhibin
- made by the testes
- inhibits FSH (which stimulates spermatogenesis)
Describe the 3 parts of the epididymis and its general functions
- Head
- Body
- Tail
- it is the site for sperm maturation and storage
Name the passageway through the abdominal wall that the spermatic cord runs through
- Inguinal canal
- often where hemorrhoids happen, because there is a weakness in the body caviety
Name the structures found in the spermatic cord
- Vas deferens
- Testicular A&V
- Lymphatics
- Nerves
Trace the path of sperm from the testies to the uretheral orifice during ejactuation.
-From the testes sperm enters the epididymis then pass through the vas deferens into the urethra
name the structure that serves as a passage for borth urine and sperm
-Urethra
list the 3 subdivisions of the male urethra
- prostatic urethra runs through prostate glands
- membranous urethra passes from prostate to penis
- penile= spongy urethra courses through the penis
Name the male accessory sex glands and describe their functions
- Prostate (1)
- seminal vesicles (2)
- bulbourethral gland (2)
- all contribute to semen, allows a fluid for sperm to swim, nutrients for them to survive, and is alkaline to neutralize the acidity of the vag
Name the erectile tissue of the penis. which contains the urethra.
-the corpus spongiosum in the center surrounding the urethra, the larger lateral bodies of the erectile tissue are the corpora cavernosa
Name the membrane covering the glans penis
-prepuce (foreskin)
Describe the physiologic mechanisms of an erection
- Vascular
- increased blood flow to penis due to parasympathetic stimulation which fills the erectile tissue and squishes the vein exiting the penis (trapping the blood)
Describe the male orgasm (emission and ejaculation
- SNS initiates the orgasm
- the emission phase moves sperm to the beginning of the urethra and mixes with the accessory gland fluids
- ejaculation is the movement of the semen out of the penis
Describe the contents of semen. About how much is in a normal ejaculate, How many spermatozoa in a normal ejactulation
- sperm plus accessory sex glands fluids
- 2.5-5 ml
- 300,000,000 sperm per ejaculation
