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VET 410: Reproduction > Male Infertility > Flashcards

Male Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

infertility

A

inability to reproduce by natural means

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2
Q

impotentia coeundi

A

inability to copulate leading to infertility

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3
Q

impotentia generandi

A

inability of sperm to fertilize oocyte leading to infertility

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4
Q

subfertility

A

any form of reduced fertility with prolonged time without conception or lower than usual conception

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5
Q

azospermia

A

no sperm

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6
Q

urospermia

A

semen with urine

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7
Q

asthenozospermia

A

reduced sperm motility

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8
Q

aspermia

A

no semen

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9
Q

hemospermia

A

semen with blood

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10
Q

teratospermia

A

increased number of abnormal sperm

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11
Q

oligospermia

A

reduced number of sperm cells

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12
Q

pyospermia

A

semen with white blood cells/pus

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13
Q

libido

A

willingness and enthusiasm of the male attempt to service the receptive female

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14
Q

mating ability

A

ability to complete the service

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15
Q

breeding soundness evaluation (BSE)

A

a systematic method to identify males with less than satisfactory breeding potential

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16
Q

what establishes the guidelines for BSE

A

society for Theriogenology

guidelines vary by species

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17
Q

what are the limitations of a BSE

A
  • only evaluates a single point in time
  • estimates fertility (not 100% accurate)
  • no info on libido or mating ability
  • requires further testing to rule out venereal disease
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18
Q

what are the steps in a BSE

A
  1. history/signalment
  2. health and physical soundness
  3. external genitalia
  4. internal genitalia
  5. testes size, volume, circumference
  6. semen output and quality
19
Q

history and signalment

A
  • ID of the animal
  • past breeding history
  • environment
  • infectious disease history
20
Q

health and physical soundness

A
  • physical exam (lameness, vision, teeth, hereditary conditions)
  • BCS - should be 5+/6 in beef bulls
  • conformation/body structure (rear legs, joints, hooves)
21
Q

external genitalia

A
  • presence of both testes
  • size, shape, symmetry, consistency, temperature
  • exteriorize and retract penis
  • check penis/prepuce for mucosa, adhesions, trauma

can do US to ID masses

22
Q

internal genitalia

A

evaluate accessory glands by rectal digital palpation and ultrasound

23
Q

vesicular glands

A

seminal vesicles

provide volume, protein, sugars, salt

24
Q

ampulla

A

thickened glandular portion of ductus deferens (sperm storage)

25
prostate
secretes ionic compounds
26
bulbourethral glands
produces gell fraction rich in ionic compounds
27
what are the major internal lesions in bulls
seminal vesiculitis
28
what are the major internal lesions in dogs
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) prostatitis
29
what are the major internal lesions in stallions
blockage on ampullae of different ducts
30
testis size, volume, circumference
indirect measure of daily sperm output, testosterone production, and fertility
31
how to measure scrotum
1. pull testes to lower part of scrotum 2. loop tape around widest diameter 3. thumb and finger located on side of the scrotum not between testes
32
measuring scrotal size in horses
measure width, height, and length using calipers
33
what semen characteristics are evaluated
- density - volume - concentration - gross motility - individual sperm motility - sperm morphology
34
methods for obtaining sperm sample
1. electroejaculation 2. artificial vagina electro is more practical, AV is more natural
35
grading density
very good: creamy (750 mil - 1 billion) good: milky (400 - 750 mil) fair: skim milk (250-400 mil) poor: translucent (<250 mil)
36
grading gross motility
very good: rapid, dark swirls good: slower swirls and eddies fair: no swirls, generalized cell oscillation poor: little/no individual oscillation
37
grading individual motility
very good: 70-100% good: 50-69% fair: 30-49% poor: <30%
38
what is the best predictor of fertility
sperm morphology
39
scores on BSE
- satisfactory potential breeder - unsatisfactory potential breeder - deferred
40
characteristics of satisfactory potential breeder
bull is ready to breed cows must pass physical exam and meet minimum value for: - scrotal circumference (depends on age) - motility >30% - morphology >70% normal
41
unsatisfactory potential breeder
does not meet one or more of the minimum BSE values will NOT be sold as breeding bulls
42
deferred classification
bull can undergo a re-examination at a later date to determine if he can be place in the satisfactory category
43
indications for BSE
1. pre purchase 2. pre breeding season (30-60 days prior) 3. post breeding season (if suspect fertility) 4. after prolonged mating with no or low pregnancy rate

VET 410: Reproduction (24 decks)

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