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VET 410: Reproduction > Male Infertility > Flashcards

Male Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

infertility

A

inability to reproduce by natural means

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2
Q

impotentia coeundi

A

inability to copulate leading to infertility

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3
Q

impotentia generandi

A

inability of sperm to fertilize oocyte leading to infertility

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4
Q

subfertility

A

any form of reduced fertility with prolonged time without conception or lower than usual conception

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5
Q

azospermia

A

no sperm

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6
Q

urospermia

A

semen with urine

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7
Q

asthenozospermia

A

reduced sperm motility

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8
Q

aspermia

A

no semen

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9
Q

hemospermia

A

semen with blood

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10
Q

teratospermia

A

increased number of abnormal sperm

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11
Q

oligospermia

A

reduced number of sperm cells

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12
Q

pyospermia

A

semen with white blood cells/pus

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13
Q

libido

A

willingness and enthusiasm of the male attempt to service the receptive female

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14
Q

mating ability

A

ability to complete the service

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15
Q

breeding soundness evaluation (BSE)

A

a systematic method to identify males with less than satisfactory breeding potential

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16
Q

what establishes the guidelines for BSE

A

society for Theriogenology

guidelines vary by species

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17
Q

what are the limitations of a BSE

A
  • only evaluates a single point in time
  • estimates fertility (not 100% accurate)
  • no info on libido or mating ability
  • requires further testing to rule out venereal disease
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18
Q

what are the steps in a BSE

A
  1. history/signalment
  2. health and physical soundness
  3. external genitalia
  4. internal genitalia
  5. testes size, volume, circumference
  6. semen output and quality
19
Q

history and signalment

A
  • ID of the animal
  • past breeding history
  • environment
  • infectious disease history
20
Q

health and physical soundness

A
  • physical exam (lameness, vision, teeth, hereditary conditions)
  • BCS - should be 5+/6 in beef bulls
  • conformation/body structure (rear legs, joints, hooves)
21
Q

external genitalia

A
  • presence of both testes
  • size, shape, symmetry, consistency, temperature
  • exteriorize and retract penis
  • check penis/prepuce for mucosa, adhesions, trauma

can do US to ID masses

22
Q

internal genitalia

A

evaluate accessory glands by rectal digital palpation and ultrasound

23
Q

vesicular glands

A

seminal vesicles

provide volume, protein, sugars, salt

24
Q

ampulla

A

thickened glandular portion of ductus deferens (sperm storage)

25
Q

prostate

A

secretes ionic compounds

26
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

produces gell fraction
rich in ionic compounds

27
Q

what are the major internal lesions in bulls

A

seminal vesiculitis

28
Q

what are the major internal lesions in dogs

A

BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
prostatitis

29
Q

what are the major internal lesions in stallions

A

blockage on ampullae of different ducts

30
Q

testis size, volume, circumference

A

indirect measure of daily sperm output, testosterone production, and fertility

31
Q

how to measure scrotum

A
  1. pull testes to lower part of scrotum
  2. loop tape around widest diameter
  3. thumb and finger located on side of the scrotum not between testes
32
Q

measuring scrotal size in horses

A

measure width, height, and length using calipers

33
Q

what semen characteristics are evaluated

A
  • density
  • volume
  • concentration
  • gross motility
  • individual sperm motility
  • sperm morphology
34
Q

methods for obtaining sperm sample

A
  1. electroejaculation
  2. artificial vagina

electro is more practical, AV is more natural

35
Q

grading density

A

very good: creamy (750 mil - 1 billion)
good: milky (400 - 750 mil)
fair: skim milk (250-400 mil)
poor: translucent (<250 mil)

36
Q

grading gross motility

A

very good: rapid, dark swirls
good: slower swirls and eddies
fair: no swirls, generalized cell oscillation
poor: little/no individual oscillation

37
Q

grading individual motility

A

very good: 70-100%
good: 50-69%
fair: 30-49%
poor: <30%

38
Q

what is the best predictor of fertility

A

sperm morphology

39
Q

scores on BSE

A
  • satisfactory potential breeder
  • unsatisfactory potential breeder
  • deferred
40
Q

characteristics of satisfactory potential breeder

A

bull is ready to breed cows
must pass physical exam and meet minimum value for:
- scrotal circumference (depends on age)
- motility >30%
- morphology >70% normal

41
Q

unsatisfactory potential breeder

A

does not meet one or more of the minimum BSE values

will NOT be sold as breeding bulls

42
Q

deferred classification

A

bull can undergo a re-examination at a later date to determine if he can be place in the satisfactory category

43
Q

indications for BSE

A
  1. pre purchase
  2. pre breeding season (30-60 days prior)
  3. post breeding season (if suspect fertility)
  4. after prolonged mating with no or low pregnancy rate

VET 410: Reproduction (24 decks)

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