Female Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

primordial follicles

Answer 1

contain the primordial germ cell (oocyte) surrounded by a single layer of flat granulosa cells with an outer basement laminae (not BM)

all are present at birth

Question 2

primary follicle

Answer 2

single layer of cuboidal granulosa cells surrounding the mature oocyte

Question 3

zona pellucida

Answer 3

matrix surrounding the oocyte

located between the oocyte and granulosa cells

Question 4

secondary follicle

Answer 4

multiple layers of cuboidal granulosa cells surround the oocyte, single layer of theca cells forms on the outside

basement membrane forms to separate the theca and granulosa cells

Question 5

tertiary/developing antral follicle

Answer 5

multiple layers of cuboidal granulosa cells surround the oocyte and the developing antrum (fluid filled space) with a single layer of theca cells on the outside

Question 6

antral/graafian/ovulatory follicle

Answer 6

multiple granulosa cell layers surround the oocyte and antrum, followed by a basement membrane that separates the granulosa cells from two layers of theca cells (internal and external)

Question 7

cumulus oophorus

Answer 7

granulosa cells that surround the oocyte

Question 8

corpus hemorragicum

Answer 8

transitional state after the oocyte has been expelled during which the theca and granulosa cells transform into corpus luteum

bloody due to ruptured vessels

Question 9

corpus luteum

Answer 9

formed by luteinization of theca/granulosa cells

transforms the follicle into a progesterone secreting structure

Question 10

caudal to cranial external female anatomy

Answer 10

vulva –> vestibule –> caudal vagina –> cranial vagina –> cervix –> uterus –> uterine horns –> ovaries

Question 11

broad ligament

Answer 11

connects the uterine horns to the uterine body

comprised of mesosalpinx, mesovarium, mesometrium

Question 12

infundibulum

Answer 12

conical structure where the oviduct attaches to the ovary

Question 13

oviduct

Answer 13

connects the ovary to the uterus

Question 14

ampulla

Answer 14

part of the oviduct closest to the infundibulum

site of fertilization

contains ciliated columnar cells

Question 15

isthmus

Answer 15

part of the oviduct closest to the uterus

contains non-ciliated cells

Question 16

cranial vagina

Answer 16

located near the external opening of the cervix

columnar epithelium

Question 17

caudal vagina

Answer 17

located near the end of the vestibule

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 18

what are the layers of the uterus

Answer 18

endometrium
myometrium
serosa

Question 19

endometrium

Answer 19

mucosa + submucosa

Question 20

uterine mucosa

Answer 20

cuboidal epithelium

Question 21

uterine submucosa

Answer 21

submucosal glands
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels

Question 22

myometrium

Answer 22

two muscular layers:
- inner circular
- outer longitudinal

Question 23

serosa

Answer 23

connective tissue layer

Question 24

cartilaginous cervical rings

Answer 24

cartilaginous rings that surround the folds of the cervix

RUMINANTS ONLY

Question 25

caruncles

Answer 25

oval/round thickenings of uterine mucosa
site of placental attachment to uterus

RUMINANTS ONLY

Question 26

countercurrent UV/OA vasculature

Answer 26

uterine vein and ovarian artery have a counter current flow to allow for PGF2a produced in the uterus to flow from UV –> OA to travel back to the ovary to stimulate the corpus luteum

Question 27

where are the uterine horns, oviduct, and ovaries located in mares

Answer 27

periotoneal cavity

T shaped uterine horns

Question 28

where are the cervix, vagina, and vestibule located in mares

Answer 28

retroperitoneal cavity

Question 29

do horses have cartilaginous cervical rings

Answer 29

NO - they have longitudinal/parallel muscular folds

Question 30

ovulation fossa

Answer 30

only site where ovulation takes place in horses

Question 31

what artery/vein branches into the uterine artery/vein

Answer 31

internal pudendal

Question 32

what artery gives rise to the ovarian artery

Answer 32

aorta

Question 33

mesosalpinx

Answer 33

part of broad ligament that folds from the oviduct

Question 34

mesovarium

Answer 34

part of broad ligament that surrounds the oviduct

Question 35

mesometrium

Answer 35

part of broad ligament that surrounds the uterus

Question 36

in dogs - are the uterine horns longer/shorter/same size as the uterine body

Answer 36

longer

Question 37

ovarian bursa

Answer 37

extension of the mesovarium that surrounds the ovary

only in dogs

Question 38

duplex uterus

Answer 38

two cervixes leading into two uteruses

rabbits, rodents

Question 39

bicornuate uterus

Answer 39

single cervix leading into a single uterus that branches into uterine horns

short uterine horns: horses, cows
long uterine horns: dogs, cats, pigs

Question 40

simplex uterus

Answer 40

single cervix leading into a single uterus that lacks uterine horns

primates

Question 41

pig cervix characteristics

Answer 41

long, corkscrew cervix

Question 42

sheep cervix characteristics

Answer 42

abundant cartilaginous rings along a long cervix

Question 43

horse cervix characteristics

Answer 43

no cartilaginous rings
mucosal folds are longitudinal

Question 44

function of vagina

Answer 44

copulation
sperm transport
fetal expulsion

Question 45

function of uterus

Answer 45

sperm transport
embryo/fetal development

Question 46

function of ovary

Answer 46

oocyte/follicle/luteal development
oocyte and pregnancy maintenance

Question 47

function of oviduct

Answer 47

fertilization
embryo development and transport