Malcom X and black power Flashcards
How did Malcom X’s father die?
Murdered by white suprmacists.
Where did Malcom X convert to islam?
Prison.
What religious group did Malcom X join?
Nation of Islam
What did the Nation of Islam believe in?
Separatism - black people could only be free in an environment with no white people.
Who was the leader of Nation of Islam?
Elijah Mohammed.
Give 2 reasons why Malcom X criticised MLK belief in non-violence and integration.
- Believed it was unnatural to allow your enemy to fight you without fighting back.
- Believed integration would only lead to new forms of slavery for black people.
What impact did Malcom X’s pilgrimage to Mecca have on his beliefs?
Rejected beliefs of separatism, left Nation of Islam, more willing to work with other civil rights campaigners.
What happened to Malcom X in February 1965?
Assassinated by gunmen from Nation of Islam.
What issues did black power focus on that were different to the civil rights movement? (3)
- Pride in black heritage and culture.
- Community control - improvements to schools and housing which was achieved by black people controlling them
- Self - defence
When did black power begin to emerge as a movement?
1966
Who was seen as a spokesperson for black power?
Stokely Carmichael
How did Carmichael change SNCC?
Expelled white members in 1966.
When and where were the Olympics where to runners staged a black power salute?
1968, Mexico Olympics
How did the crowd react to the salute?
Booing
Name the 2 founders of the Black Panther party.
Huey Newton
Bobby Searle
What did the black panthers wear?
Black beret
Trousers
Leather jacket.
How did the Black Panthers address police brutality towards black Americans?
Patrol the pigs - patrolled black areas and monitored any arrests of black people
Name 3 ways black panthers supported black people living in ghettos.
- Set up free breakfasts for children.
- Set up clinics to advise on health, welfare and legal rights.
- Set up liberation schools to teach self-respect and black pride.
What is black separatism?
The belief that black people should lie completely separately from white people.
What did Malcom X do for the number of people in the NOI?
Rose from 500 members in 1952 to 30,000 in 1963
What was the impact of Malcom X after his death?
It layed down the philosophy that violence was necessary however only in self-defence.
Leading to the black power movement.
What was black power?
Slogan used by radical groups who disagreed with non-violent action.
What was the black power movement’s aims?
- Increase pride in black history and culture.
- Make black people self-sufficient - not need help from white people.
- Stop integration.
3 reasons for growth of black power.
- Slow progress in CR
- Lost focus to Vietnam War
- Ghetto conditions worsening
What were the black panthers?
A black power group.
What did the black panthers not rule out that was unlike many black power groups?
Working with white people who supported them.
By 1968 how many cities had black panther groups?
25
When were the black panthers set up?
1966
Where were the black panthers set up?
California
What 2 people set up black panthers?
Huey Newton
Bobby Searle
What programme did Black Panthers have to improve black communities?
10-point programme
