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History > Elizabeth - Challenges to Elizabeth at home > Flashcards

Elizabeth - Challenges to Elizabeth at home Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Northern rebellion?

A

November 1569

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2
Q

One religious reason why nobles were unhappy with Eliz. in 1560s?

A

Catholics were plentiful in north. Wanted restoration of catholicism under a catholic monarch. Arrival of MQS in 1568 gave them hope Elizabeth could be replaced.

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3
Q

Political reason why northern nobles were unhappy?

A

Catholic power and influence reduced as Elizabeth preferred non-noble protestant advisors.
Eliz. increased her control and council of north was controlled by protestants, meaning catholic power was reduced.

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4
Q

Why was duke of northumberland angry with Eliz.?

A

taken large areas of land from him also claimed all profits from copper mines discovered on his land.

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5
Q

Name 3 important figures in northern rebellion.

A

Norfolk ( eliz. cousin) , northumberland and westmorland

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6
Q

Which city did nobles capture and what did they do there?

A

Durham. Celebrated catholic mass.

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7
Q

What were the aims of the Ridolfi, Thockmorton, and Babington plots?

A

Assassinate Elizabeth replace her with MQS.
Re-establish Catholicism in England

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8
Q

What year was the Ridolfi plot?

A

1571

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9
Q

Who supported Ridolfi plot?

A

Pope and King Phillip of Spain who agreed to provide troops. 6000 would sail to Essex.

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10
Q

How was the Babington plot discovered?

A

Walsingham allowed the plot to develop until Mary agreed to assassinate Elizabeth so he the had direct evidence against Mary.

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11
Q

Impact of Marys beheading in 1587?

A

English Catholis did not rise up against her. Phillip did launch armarda but it wasnt direct.

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12
Q

Why did the rebellion fail?

A

Large royal army of 10,000 met rebels
Little support for revolt among majority of catholic nobility and ordinary people mostly chose to support the queen
(many catholics did not want to lose wealth or status)
Spain/Pope promise of military support did not happen.

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13
Q

Impact of the Northern rebellion? (7)

A

Elizabeth confiscated land of rebels - making her stronger.
Norfolk spent 9 months in Tower of London.
Less tolerant of Catholics. Not attending church was punished more harshly.
Pope excommunicated Eliz.
Showed MQS could not be trusted.
Treason laws became harsher.

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14
Q

How was the Ridolfi plot discovered?

A

Letters were intercepted. Elizabeth’s allies passes names of main conspirators to her.

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15
Q

What happened to Mary after Babington plot?

A

Found guilty of treason. Executed.

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16
Q

When was Mary executed?

A

February 1587

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17
Q

5 reasons Mary was executed.

A
  1. Her claim to the throne
  2. Her catholicism.
  3. Involvement in Babington plot.
  4. Her links abroad - she had support of Phillip and Pope so constant threat of invasion.
  5. Privy Council wanted her dead as she would be the focal point for Catholic plots while she was alive.
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18
Q

What year was the Thockmorton Plot and how was it uncovered?

A
  1. Walsingham had the plot under surveillance for months.
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19
Q

What did English nobles have to sign after failed Throckmorton plot?

A

Bond of association - required them to execute anyone who tried to overthrow Elizabeth.

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20
Q

What happened to the nobles after they were defeated?

A

400-600 of those involved were executed, including Northumberland although not until 1572. Others fled to Scotland/abroad.

21
Q

What was the aim of the Ridolfi plot?

A

Mary to marry Duke of Norfolk. Put Mary on the throne and assassinate Elizabeth. 6000 Spanish troops sail to Essex which would cause a rebellion by the catholic nobles. Restore Catholicsm.

22
Q

What were the consequences of the Ridolfi plot?

A

Norfolk found guilty of treason and executed.
Reinforced threat from Spain.
MQS threat reinforced.

23
Q

Who was involved in the Throckmorton plot?

A

French Duke of Guise (cousin of MQS)
Pope gave approval.
Spain to finance plot.

24
Q

Aim of the Throckmorton Plot?

A

-Henry Duke of Guise to invade England
-assassinate Elizabeth and free Mary.
-Restore Catholicism.

25
Q

What were the consequences of the Throckmorton plot?

A

Life became more difficult for Catholics - 11,000 were imprisoned.
Throckmorton captured and tortured, confessed and executed in May 1584.`

26
Q

Who was involved in the Babington plot?

A

Spanish - Phillip of Spain
French Ambassador - Sir Anthony Babington
MQS
Pope

27
Q

What was the aim of the Babington plot?

A

France and Spain would invade England.
Place Mary on throne.
Assassinate Elizabeth.
Re-establish Catholicism in England.

28
Q

What happened in the Babington Plot?

A

Mary sent a coded letter that approved the Babington plot and consenting to the assassination if Elizabeth.

29
Q

Who was executed in response to the Babington plot?

A

Babington was hung drawn and quartered along with six others.
Mary executed in 1587.`

30
Q

Why was the Babington plot a key factor to Mary’s execution?

A

The Babington plot was the final straw for Elizabeth.
Mary was positioned by Babington, France and Spain to become Queen of England in the plot.

31
Q

Why was Elizabeth hesitant to sign the death warrant? (3)

A
  1. Executing a member of the royal family may put herself in danger of execution later as it could inspire her enemies.
  2. It might provoke an extreme reaction by Catholic countries like France and Spain.
  3. It would be undermining the religious belief of the divine right to rule.
32
Q

Why was it good for Elizabeth and her advisors and supporters that Mary was executed?

A

There was no longer a Catholic alternative to Elizabeth as Queen. Which removed the potential of plots underlined by restoring Catholicism.

33
Q

What did Mary’s supporters believe after her execution?

A

That Mary was a martyr who had died for her faith (Catholicism) in the face of Elizabeth’s tyranny.

34
Q

Who did Elizabeth appoint as Archbishop of Durham?

A

James Pilkington (protestant), ordered to stamp out catholicism in the North.

35
Q

Who was Henry Duke of Guise?

A

Cousin to Mary, Queen of Scots

36
Q

4 reasons why was the Throckmorton plot such a threat to Elizabeth.

A

Planned to assassinate her - was aimed openly at the Queen.
MQS planned to replace her and she had a strong claim to the throne, plot seemed serious.
Possibility of invasion from France.
Pope was involved. Pope would gain lots of support from Roman Catholics.

37
Q

When was James Pilkington appointed arch bishop of Durham?

A

1561

38
Q

How were France involved in the Babington plot?

A

The french army were used to invade, however this army was financed by Phillip II.

39
Q

Who was Thomas Percy?

A

Earl of Northumberland, a major Catholic landowner.

40
Q

Who was Charles Neville?

A

Earl of Westmorland, a major Catholic landowner and brother in-law to Duke of Norfolk.

41
Q

Who was Thomas Howard?

A

Duke of Norfolk, a protestant with links to old, Northern Catholic families.

42
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s marital situation a reason for the northern earls to rebel?

A

They were uncertain about an heir or who Elizabeth would marry.

43
Q

Who did the Northern earls resent, which was a reason for the rebellion?

A

Resented James Pilkington, protestant bishop of Durham.

44
Q

Who gave Elizabeth the information about the revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

Robert Dudley.

45
Q

What was the plan for the outcome of the northern earl’s revolt?

A

Mary would marry Duke of Norfolk and become Queen.

46
Q

What happened, in the northern revolt, after Norfolk’s arrest?

A

Rebels took control of Durham Cathedral and celebrated mass.
Then they moved south.

47
Q

What did Elizabeth do to prevent the northern earls from meeting up with MQS?

A

Moved Mary to Coventry.

48
Q

What happened to Northumberland and Westmorland after the revolt?

A

Westmorland escaped but Northumberland executed in York in 1572.

History (27 decks)

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