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IHO Week 3 > Malaria Disease > Flashcards

Malaria Disease Flashcards

0
Q

What is hemozoin?

A

a crystallized aggregation of metabolized hemoglobin.

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1
Q

What are the four causative species of malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae

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2
Q

Why does a plasmodium create hemozoin?

A

The byproduct of heme metabolism, hematin, is toxic.

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3
Q

Plasmodium can always be identified by what feature in the blood?

A

Trophozoite rings

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4
Q

The most fatal plasmodium is…

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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5
Q

What plasmodium species are candidates for latent relapses?

A

Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale

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6
Q

This is the life cycle stage that allows for the latent stages.

A

Hypnozoite.

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7
Q

Where do hypnozoites reside?

A

the liver

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8
Q

Which species of malaria is most common in Africa?

A

P. falciparum

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9
Q

Which species is most common outside of Africa?

A

P. vivax

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10
Q

What is the name of the sexual stage of plasmodium? Where do they fuse?

A

gametocytes, in the mosquito

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11
Q

What is the infective stage of the plasmodium sp?

A

Sporozoites

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12
Q

Once entering into the hepatic cell, what form does the parasite take?

A

Schizont

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13
Q

The schizonts lyse the hepatocyte. What are they called then?

A

merozoites

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14
Q

Once infecting the red blood cell, what are they called?

A

Trophozoite

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15
Q

P. falciparum has a distinct shape in its ______ stage that looks _______.

A

gametocyte

Curved, like a hot dog

16
Q

Schuffner’s dots are indicative of what species?

A

vivax and ovale

17
Q

What is the intracellular structure that causes pathology in p. falciparum?

A

Red cell rosette

18
Q

What is the main mechanism of death in children for p. falciparum?

A

cerebral ischemia

19
Q

What cytokines are produced by plasmodium falciparum?

A

TNF, INFg, IL-1

20
Q

What receptor is used to enter into RBC’s?

A

Glycophorin

21
Q

P. falciparum creates a bunch of proteins and places them on the surface of the RBC. What are they called?

A

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein: PFEMP

22
Q

What do these knobs do for the RBC?

A

Help bind to vascular epithelial cells

23
Q

Why is it that P. falciparum is so hard to find by the immune system?

A

Antigenic variation in PFEMP

24
Q

The five main organ systems affected by infection are:

A

Brain (ischemia)
Heart and lungs (ischemia)
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly and pigmentation

25
Q

What is the incubation time?

A

1-2 weeks

26
Q

What species has a quotidian fever periodicity?

A

falciparum

27
Q

What species has a tertian fever periodicity?

A

vivax and ovale

28
Q

What species has a quartan fever periodicity?

A

malariae

29
Q

What three types of inherited red cell alterations are protective against malarial infection?

A

Sickle cell trait
HgC
ABO

IHO Week 3 (13 decks)

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