Immune Diseases Flashcards
Cell-mediated immunity protects against:
Intracellular microbes and tumor cells
Humoral immunity protects against:
Extracellular microbes and toxins
What can be used to determine if T cell proliferation is neoplastic?
TCR gene rearrangement analysis
This can be used to determine if there is neoplastic B cell proliferation.
Ig gene rearrangement analysis
90% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis test positive for this gene defect:
HLA-b27
What are two ways that HLA testing can be used?
Transplant-donor match up
Determine disease risk of certain inherited diseases
The susceptibility of certain hypersensitivity reactions can be done by screening what genes?
HLA
This type of hypersensitivity is due to excess degranulation of mast cells by IgE.
Type 1 hypersensitivity
How soon after exposure does Type 1 hypersensitivity take hold?
minutes after antigen combining with IgE antibody
Upon activation, mast cell release the following mediators of cellular response
ECF, NCF, PAF
What does the acute phase reaction of type 1 hypersensitivity look like?
Vasodilation, congestion, edema
What does the late phase reaction of type 1 hypersensitivity look like?
Eosinophil, T cell, neutrophil infiltrate
How does venom immunotherapy work?
Continuous injections of the allergen so that the body builds up a large IgG response. When the allergen enters at an unknown time, IgG attach and prevent binding by mast cells
When antibodies react to the surface of normal or slightly altered cell membrane proteins, it is considered this type of hypersensitivity.
Type II sensitivity
What is Goodpasture syndrome?
Antibodies attack antigens intrinsic to the glomerular basement membrane.
What type of hypersensitivity is myesthenia gravis?
Type II
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is pemphigus vulgaris?
type II
When an antigen, covered by antibodies, causes inflammation at the spot of deposition, it is what type of hypersensitivity?
Type III
What pathological finding is normal to be seen in a type III hypersensitivity?
Granulomas
What cells are indicated in type IV hypersensitivity?
T cells
What are the two mechanisms of Type IV Hypersensitivity?
T cell mediated cytotoxicity
Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction
What mechanism is characterized by a reaction when, upon repeat exposure to the antigen, CD4+ TH1 cells or CD8 cells respond to tissue antigens by secreting cytokines that stimulate inflammation and activate phagocytes, leading to tissue injury.
Delayed type hypersensitivity
What type IV mechanism is characterized by CD8 T cells directly killing tissue cells?
T-cell mediated cytolysis
What mechanism of Type IV HS reaction is indicated in the Mantoux test?
Delayedtype
What mechanism of Type IV HS reaction results in Graft-Host rejection or Type I diabetes?
T cell mediated cytolysis
