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IHO Week 3 > Acute Myeloid Leukemia > Flashcards

Acute Myeloid Leukemia Flashcards

0
Q

Of Acute and chronic leukemia, one does not appear in children. Which is it?

A

Chronic leukemia

Acute in both

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1
Q

What are some common symptoms that cause people with acute leukemia to appear in the office?

A

SUDDEN
so tired I can’t get out of bed
nose bleed that won’t stop
bone pain

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2
Q

Acute myeloid leukemia results in proliferation of _____ cells.

A

Blast

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3
Q

Chronic myeloid leukemia consists of what age of cells?

A

mature

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4
Q

What component of dry cleaning chemicals oftentimes causes AML or ALL?

A

benzene

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5
Q

What are three contributing factors to ALL/AML being so bad?

A

Push out normal cells and allow for no room to grow
Inhibit normal cell function (B cells can’t make antibodies)
Infiltrate other organs (Brain, etc.)

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6
Q

Is it easy to find ALL on a bone marrow biopsy?

A

YES.

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of bone marrow failure?

A

Bleeding, fatigue, infections

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8
Q

What are key lab findings in AL?

A

Blasts/immature cells in blood
Leukocytosis
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia

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9
Q

What percentage of cells must be nucleated in order to make an AL diagnosis?

A

20%

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10
Q

M0 class is….

A

Acute myeloblastic anemia, minimally differentiated

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11
Q

M1 class is…

A

acute myeloblastic leukemia with no maturation

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12
Q

M2 class is…

A

Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation

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13
Q

M3 class is…

A

Acute promyelocytic anemia

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14
Q

M3 class is important to diagnose early because…

A

DIC allows for treatment to cause blood clots all over

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15
Q

M4 class is…

A

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia

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16
Q

M5 class is…

A

Acute monocytic leukemia

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17
Q

M6 class is…

A

Acute erythroblastic leukemia

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18
Q

M7 class is…

A

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia

19
Q

Which classes involve the neutrophilic series?

A

M0, M1, M2, M3

20
Q

Which classes involve the monocytic series?

A

M4, M5

21
Q

What is dysgranulopoiesis and what is it indicative of?

A

It’s the lack of granules in neutrophils.

Indicative of AML

22
Q

What are Auer rods indicative of?

A

AML

23
Q

What are Auer rods composed of?

A

Primary granules

24
Q

What are the five new classifications under the new AML order?

A 
AML with genetic abnormality
AML with FTL-3 mutation
AML with multilineage dysplasia
AML chemotherapy induced
AML not otherwise specified
25
Q

This type of AML not otherwise classified is indicated by a marked increase in just myeloblasts, with no MPO.

A

M0

26
Q

This type of AML not otherwise classified is characterized by an increase in Myeloblasts with Auer rods, and is MPO positive.

A

M1

27
Q

This type of AML not otherwise classified shows maturing neutrophils along with an increase in myeloblasts.

A

M2

28
Q

This form of AML due to genetic abnormality is characterized by an increase in promyelocytes and faggot cells

A

M3

29
Q

M3 is ALWAYS due to what genetic abnormality?

A

t(15;17)

30
Q

AML M2 may be due to what type of genetic abnormality?

A

t(8;21)

31
Q

This type of AML not otherwise classified is due to increased myeloblasts and monocytes, along with extramedullary tumor masses.

A

M4

32
Q

AML M4 is sometimes due to what genetic abnormality?

A

inv(16)

33
Q

If a patient with M4 has inv(16), what is the prognosis?

A

Better than without

34
Q

This type of AML not otherwise classified is characterized by an increase in monocytes with the presence of NSE.

A

AML M5 A/B

35
Q

What is the most common thing to see in AML M5 on a stain?

A

crumpled nuclei

36
Q

This type of AML not otherwise classified sees an increase in erythroblasts and myeloblasts, along with dyserythropoiesis

A

AML M6

37
Q

Which AML is characterized by gigantic eosinophils (that barely look eosinophilic)?

A

AML M4 with inv(16)

38
Q

What is the protein mutated in the FLT-3 mutation?

A

Tyrosine kinase

39
Q

If the FLT-3 mutation is there, what is the prognosis?

A

VERY bad.

40
Q

What cells are affected by the FLT mutation?

A

monocytes

41
Q

AML with multilineage dysplasia is characterized by severe ______

A

pancytopenia

42
Q

What chromosomes have abnormalities with AML with multilineage dysplasia?

A

5, 7

43
Q

What alkylating agents are most often related to chemo-induced AML?

A

Busulfan and etoposide

44
Q

What kind of chromosome abnormalities are common for chemo-induced AML?

A

5, 7, 11q23

45
Q

How do you treat AML?

A

Chemo and bone marrow transplant

46
Q

What chromosomal abnormalities result in a better prognosis?

A

t(8,21); inv(16); t(5,17)

IHO Week 3 (13 decks)

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