Acute Myeloid Leukemia Flashcards
Of Acute and chronic leukemia, one does not appear in children. Which is it?
Chronic leukemia
Acute in both
What are some common symptoms that cause people with acute leukemia to appear in the office?
SUDDEN
so tired I can’t get out of bed
nose bleed that won’t stop
bone pain
Acute myeloid leukemia results in proliferation of _____ cells.
Blast
Chronic myeloid leukemia consists of what age of cells?
mature
What component of dry cleaning chemicals oftentimes causes AML or ALL?
benzene
What are three contributing factors to ALL/AML being so bad?
Push out normal cells and allow for no room to grow
Inhibit normal cell function (B cells can’t make antibodies)
Infiltrate other organs (Brain, etc.)
Is it easy to find ALL on a bone marrow biopsy?
YES.
What are the symptoms of bone marrow failure?
Bleeding, fatigue, infections
What are key lab findings in AL?
Blasts/immature cells in blood
Leukocytosis
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
What percentage of cells must be nucleated in order to make an AL diagnosis?
20%
M0 class is….
Acute myeloblastic anemia, minimally differentiated
M1 class is…
acute myeloblastic leukemia with no maturation
M2 class is…
Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation
M3 class is…
Acute promyelocytic anemia
M3 class is important to diagnose early because…
DIC allows for treatment to cause blood clots all over
M4 class is…
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
M5 class is…
Acute monocytic leukemia
M6 class is…
Acute erythroblastic leukemia
M7 class is…
Acute megakaryocytic leukemia
Which classes involve the neutrophilic series?
M0, M1, M2, M3
Which classes involve the monocytic series?
M4, M5
What is dysgranulopoiesis and what is it indicative of?
It’s the lack of granules in neutrophils.
Indicative of AML
What are Auer rods indicative of?
AML
What are Auer rods composed of?
Primary granules
What are the five new classifications under the new AML order?
AML with genetic abnormality AML with FTL-3 mutation AML with multilineage dysplasia AML chemotherapy induced AML not otherwise specified
This type of AML not otherwise classified is indicated by a marked increase in just myeloblasts, with no MPO.
M0
This type of AML not otherwise classified is characterized by an increase in Myeloblasts with Auer rods, and is MPO positive.
M1
This type of AML not otherwise classified shows maturing neutrophils along with an increase in myeloblasts.
M2
This form of AML due to genetic abnormality is characterized by an increase in promyelocytes and faggot cells
M3
M3 is ALWAYS due to what genetic abnormality?
t(15;17)
AML M2 may be due to what type of genetic abnormality?
t(8;21)
This type of AML not otherwise classified is due to increased myeloblasts and monocytes, along with extramedullary tumor masses.
M4
AML M4 is sometimes due to what genetic abnormality?
inv(16)
If a patient with M4 has inv(16), what is the prognosis?
Better than without
This type of AML not otherwise classified is characterized by an increase in monocytes with the presence of NSE.
AML M5 A/B
What is the most common thing to see in AML M5 on a stain?
crumpled nuclei
This type of AML not otherwise classified sees an increase in erythroblasts and myeloblasts, along with dyserythropoiesis
AML M6
Which AML is characterized by gigantic eosinophils (that barely look eosinophilic)?
AML M4 with inv(16)
What is the protein mutated in the FLT-3 mutation?
Tyrosine kinase
If the FLT-3 mutation is there, what is the prognosis?
VERY bad.
What cells are affected by the FLT mutation?
monocytes
AML with multilineage dysplasia is characterized by severe ______
pancytopenia
What chromosomes have abnormalities with AML with multilineage dysplasia?
5, 7
What alkylating agents are most often related to chemo-induced AML?
Busulfan and etoposide
What kind of chromosome abnormalities are common for chemo-induced AML?
5, 7, 11q23
How do you treat AML?
Chemo and bone marrow transplant
What chromosomal abnormalities result in a better prognosis?
t(8,21); inv(16); t(5,17)
