Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Public Health > Malaria and Yellow Fever > Flashcards

Malaria and Yellow Fever Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms cause malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowlesi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is Plasmodium falciparum found and what is its cycle duration?

A

Worldwide (most common in Africa), 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is Plasmodium vivax found and what is its cycle duration?

A

Asia (most common here), Latin America, and Africa

2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is Plasmodium ovale found and what is its cycle duration?

A

Africa, west pacific islands

2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is Plasmodium malariae found and what is its cycle duration?

A

Worldwide

3-day cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is Plasmodium knowlesi found and what is its cycle duration?

A

In macaques in SE Asia

1-day cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which Plasmodium species is zoonotic?

A

knowlesi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What mosquito transmits malaria agents?

A

Anopheles (mosquito)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does anthrophilic mean in regards to mosquitos?

A

it prefers humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does zoophilic mean in regards to mosquitos?

A

it prefers animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does endophagic mean in regards to mosquitos?

A

it bites indoors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does exophagic mean in regards to mosquitos?

A

it bites outdoors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does endophilic mean in regards to mosquitos?

A

it rests indoors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does exophilic mean in regards to mosquitos?

A

it rests outdoors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What areas in the world is malaria found and where are most deaths occuring?

A

Africa, Central and South America, Asia, and the Middle East

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are most of the deaths due to malaria located?

A

in Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the incubation time of malaria?

A

7-30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the types of malaria presentation?

A

uncomplicated and severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What s uncomplicated malaria also known as?

A

classical malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How long does classical malaria last?

A

6-10 hours

21
Q

What are the stages of classical malaria?

A

Cold stage, hot stage, sweating stage

22
Q

Does uncomplicated malaria recur?

A

potentially every 2 or 3 days

23
Q

What are the common signs of uncomplicated malaria?

A

fever, chills, sweats, headache, nausea, vomiting, body aches, malaise

24
Q

What would a physical exam on an uncomplicated patient reveal?

A

Perspiration, weakness, jaundice, enlarged liver or spleen, rapid breathing

25
Q

What is severe malaria also known as?

A

cerebral malaria

26
Q

What neurologic signs are associated with severe malaria?

A

Impaired consciousness, abnormal behavior, seizures, coma, other neuro signs

27
Q

What permanent defects are associated with severe malaria?

A

deafness, blindness, palsies, speech difficulties, movement difficulties

28
Q

What other signs are associated with severe malaria?

A

severe anemia, respiratory distress, abnormal blood coagulation, low BP, kidney failure, hypoglycemia, other..

29
Q

How does the sickle cell trait impact malaria disease?

A

it protects from Plasmodium falciparum infection

30
Q

What Plasmodium species lie dormant int he liver?

A

ovale and vivax

31
Q

What Plasmodium species cause cerebral malaria?

A

Mainly - falciparum

Rarely - vivax

32
Q

Describe the trend in malaria deaths and bed net usage.

A

As bed net usage has gone up, deaths in children has gone down

33
Q

Who is at the highest risk for severe malaria?

A
  • Infants and children under the age of 5 years
  • Pregnant women
  • Patients with HIV/AIDs
  • Non-immune migrants
  • Travelers
34
Q

What prevention measures can be taken against malaria?

A
  • Eliminate breeding grounds
  • Case management and early diagnosis
  • Prompt treatment
  • Indoor residual spraying
  • Bed nets w/long lasting insecticide
  • Antimalarial drugs
  • Political and financial commitments
35
Q

Why do children die more frequently with malaria?

A

Because they are not as immune competent as adults and are more susceptible to succumbing to infection

36
Q

What mosquitoes transmit Yellow Fever?

A

Aedes and Haemogogus

37
Q

What are the three different lifecycles of Yellow Fever virus?

A

Sylvatic, intermediate, urban

38
Q

What does the sylvatic cycle circulate between?

A

monkeys

39
Q

What does the intermediate cycle circulate between?

A

monkeys and humans

40
Q

What does the urban cycle circulate between?

A

people

41
Q

What clinical signs are associated with the first phase of Yellow Fever?

A

Fever, muscle pain, backache, headache, shivers, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting

42
Q

How long does it take for recovery in the first phase of Yellow Fever?

A

3-4 days

43
Q

What is the timeline of the 2nd phase of Yellow Fever?

A

It occurs 24 hours after the 1st stage ends

44
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with the second stage of Yellow Fever?

A

High fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, vomiting, possible bleeding from the mouth, nose, eyes, stomach, feces, and vomit
Kidney failure

45
Q

What is the mortality rate of the 2nd phase of Yellow Fever?

A

50% die in 10-14 days

46
Q

What percentage of patients get the 2nd phase of Yellow Fever?

A

15%

47
Q

What regions of the world get Yellow Fever?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa and South America

48
Q

What are the prevention measures for Yellow Fever?

A
  • No specific treatment
  • Reduce mosquito populations
  • Vaccine
49
Q

What is a yellow card?

A

Documentation of vaccination that is required to enter a country where Yellow Fever is endemic

Public Health (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions