Lecture 1 - Epidemiology of Zoonoses Flashcards
Define zoonosis.
The transmission of diseases from animals to humans
True or False: There is no difference in the risk of zoonosis for an immunocompromised person and a normal person
True - The difference is in presenting with the disease, immunocompromised individuals will likely present
Who is at a higher risk of exposure to zoonotic agents?
Those in occupational jobs (veterinarians, mammologies), populations in developing countries, recreational water users, domestic animal owners, and Immunocompromised
Provide some examples of recreational water areas and their associated pathogens.
Lakes - leptospirosis
Swimming pools - Cryptococcus
Hot tubs - Pseudomonas
Provide some examples of immune compromised individuals.
elderly, children, pregnant women, chemotherapy
How many hosts can zoonoses be involved with?
one or two vertebrate hosts
What are some ecological ways that zoonoses can be transmitted?
via insects or environmental
What is reverse zoonoses?
diseases that are more common in people but can be given to animals
What are some examples of pathogens that are common causes of reverse zoonoses?
Influenza, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Tuberculosis, Salmonella
List the 5 different modes of transmission.
Direct, Indirect, transtadial, transovarial, and aerosol/airborne
What is direct transmission?
transfer of pathogens via direct contact from animal to animal
What are some modes of direct transmission?
bites, hand to mouth, kisses, scratches, droplet
What is indirect transmission?
transfer of pathogens among individuals through an intermediary
What type of transmission do biological and mechanical vectors use?
indirect
What is a mechanical vector?
a vector that carries the pathogen, but the pathogen is not altered while on the vector
What is a biological vector?
a vector that supports the replication of the pathogen
What is a propagative agent?
an agent that will multiply within the vector
What is a cyclodevelopmental agent?
agent will change in life stage but not in number
What is a cyclopropagative agent?
an agent will both change in life stage and multiply
What is transovarial transmission?
the passage of infectious agents from the maternal body to the eggs within the ovaries
What is transtadial transmission?
passage of an infectious agent from one stage in the developmental life cycle stage to the next
What is the size limit for the particles transmitted via aerosol/airborne?
it must be less than 5 micrometers
Describe some differences between developed and developing countries.
Developed:
- Clean safe water
- good education system
- sanitation
- good healthcare
- Advanced medical technology
- CDC
- Good veterinary care
Developing -
- Everything opposite of a developed
