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Public Health > Lecture 13ish - Rabies > Flashcards

Lecture 13ish - Rabies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 major strains of rabies virus in the US?

A 
Rabies lyssavirus (5 distinct variants)
STAY TUNED DON'T KNOW IF THIS IS CORRECT
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2
Q

What are the 5 rabies reservoir species in the US?

A

fox, skunk, raccoon, mongoose, and insectivorous bat

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3
Q

What reservoir species in the US are found to have rabies the most?

A

bats

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4
Q

Why has there been an epizootic event in the east coast?

A

Humans went down to Southern Georgia or Florida to trap raccoons and brought them to the Carolina’s to for sport hunting. Since then the rabid coon population has increased and spread

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5
Q

What is the virus vector used for the oral rabies bait vaccine?

A

Vaccinia

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6
Q

What species is the oral rabies bait vaccine licensed for?

A

Raccoons, coyotes

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7
Q

What is the public health concern associated with the oral rabies bait vaccine?

A

If a human comes in contact with it it can cause abrasions/pustules, myalgia, headache, and fever
Same risks as with the smallpox vaccine

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8
Q

What is the most common animal source for human infection of rabies around the world?

A

dogs

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9
Q

What is the most common animal source for human infections of rabies in the US?

A

bats

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10
Q

What is the most commonly found rabid domesticated animal?

A

cats

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11
Q

If an animal has been bit by a rabid, or suspected rabid animal, what should be done first?

A

catch the animal if you can

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12
Q

You must assume your animal has been exposed to rabies if it has been bit by a suspect rabid animal and you did not catch it. What should you do now?

A

wash the wound out with soap and water

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13
Q

If a vaccinated dog, cat, or ferret is bit by a rabid, or suspect rabid animal, what should be done?

A

it should be vaccinated immediately and then put on a 45 day quarantine

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14
Q

If an unvaccinated dog, cat, or ferret is bit by a rabid, or suspect rabid animal, what should be done?

A

1st - recommend euthanasia, if the owner refuses move to the 2nd option
2nd option - vaccinate within 96 hours, and quarantine for 4-6 months (ferrets are always 6 months)

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15
Q

If a dog, cat, or ferret that is overdue on a vaccine and CAN provide documentation that it has had the vaccine, has been bit by a suspect rabid animal, or rabid animal, what should be done?

A

Booster the vaccine, 45 day quarantine

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16
Q

If a dog, cat, or ferret that is overdue on a vaccine and CANNOT provide documentation that it has had the vaccine, has been bit by a suspect rabid animal, or rabid animal, what should be done?

A

Treat as unvaccinated. Discuss seriologic monitoring:
If positive amnestic response - 45 quarantine
If negative amnestic response - 4-6 month quarantine

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17
Q

Are wold/dog hybrids considered vaccinated if they get a rabies vaccine?

A

no, the vaccine is not licensed for them

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18
Q

If livestock are never vaccinated for rabies and are bit by a suspect rabid, or rabid animal, what should be done?

A

euthanasia

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19
Q

If livestock are current on vaccination for rabies and are bit by a suspect rabid, or rabid animal, what should be done?

A

booster vaccine and observe for 45 days

20
Q

If livestock are overdue on vaccination for rabies and are bit by a suspect rabid, or rabid animal, what should be done?

A

it is a case by case basis

21
Q

How long is the typical incubation for rabies time in dogs?

A

21-80 days (can be as short as 7 or as long as 8+ months)

22
Q

What is the typical incubation for rabies in people?

A

typically 1-3 months

23
Q

What are the stages of rabies infection in people?

A

incubation, prodrome, acute, coma/neuropathy, death

24
Q

What are the phases of rabies infection in dogs and cats?

A

prodromal phase and furious phase or paralytic phase

25
Q

What is seen in the prodromal phase?

A

There is a change in behavior - the animal can be shy, irritable, snap, docile, apprehension, nervousness, anxiety, solitude, and variable fever, may lick the site of exposure

26
Q

What species more commonly has the furious phase of a rabies infection?

A

cats

27
Q

What occurs during the furious phase of a rabies infection?

A

The animal becomes irritable, sensitive to stimuli, may bark, snap, pica, hide, coma, and death

28
Q

What species more commonly has the paralytic phase of rabies?

A

Dogs - salivating, dropped jaw, paralysis, coma, and death

29
Q

What form of rabies do cattle most commonly have?

A

the paralytic form - behavioral changes, grinding teeth, muzzle tremors, bellowing, choking, charging, dropped jaw, drooling, and paralysis

30
Q

How many days after vaccination is a dog/cat considered immunized?

A

28

31
Q

What does rabies exposure mean for a domestic anima?

A

the animal was in a fight, got attacked, was bitten by, or ate a rabies reservoir species or rabid animal

32
Q

If a human is bitten by a skunk, it runs off, and you can’t catch it, have you been exposed?

A

yes

33
Q

If you receive an unprovoked bite, or scratch, by a suspected rabid animal are you exposed?

A

yes

34
Q

If you are scratched by a healthy animal are you exposed?

A

no

35
Q

If infectious material comes in contact, such as CSF fluid from a suspect dog, to compromised skin or mucous membranes are you exposed?/

A

yes

36
Q

If a bat flies into a room with an unconscious person, are they exposed?

A

yep

37
Q

If you pet a dog with rabies, are you exposed?

A

no

38
Q

If you interact with blood, urine, or feces of a dog with rabies, are you exposed?

A

no

39
Q

Regardless of vaccination status, what is the recommended quarantine time for an animal that bit someone?

A

10 days

40
Q

If you have been bit by an animal, what should you do first?

A

wash it out with warm soap or water for 15 minutes

41
Q

If you are unvaccinated, and immunocompetent, what is the PEP vaccine dose schedule?

A

You get the human rabies immunoglobulin on day 0

Vaccination (4 doses) on days, 0, 3, 7, and 14

42
Q

If you are unvaccinated, immunocompromised, what is the PEP vaccine dose schedule?

A

You get the human rabies immunoglobulin at day 0

Vaccination (5 doses) on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28

43
Q

If you are vaccinated, regardless of immune status, what is the PEP vaccine dose schedule/

A

Vaccination (2 doses) on days 0 and 3

44
Q

What is the ‘zero by 30’ campaign?

A

To have 0 human deaths by dog rabies by 2030

45
Q

What are the ‘ingredients’ for the zero by 30 campaign?

A

National strategy and committees - prepare, implement, monitor long-term elimination plans
Enhance cooperation - vet services, public health, wildlife
Support integrating rabies control activities in all levels of healthcare
Develop cooperation between pharmaceutical industry and institutions
Seek funding
Conduct education campains
Strengthen surveillance and diagnostic capacity
Institute cross-border collaboration

46
Q

What percentage of dogs must be vaccinated in order to control rabies?

A

70%

Public Health (27 decks)

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