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COMMUNITY DSE. 1 > MALARIA > Flashcards

MALARIA Flashcards

1
Q

Causative Agents of Malaria

A
  1. Plasmodium falciparum
  2. P. Malariae
  3. P. Vivax
  4. P. Ovale
  5. P. Knowlesi
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2
Q

Source of infection

A

Bite of infected Anopheles mosquito

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3
Q

Characteristis of female Anopheles mosquito: NHFR

A

Night biting (9pm-3am)
High flying
Free flowing water
Rural areas

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4
Q

Mode of transmission of malaria

A

Bite of Anopheles Mosquito

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5
Q

Incubation period of malaria

A

10-12 days

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6
Q

Signs and symptoms: 3 stages of malaria

A
  1. Cold stage
  2. Hot stage
  3. Wet stage
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7
Q

Cold stage of malaria

A
  • Chills
  • teeth chattering
  • quivering
  • shivering
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8
Q

Hot stage of malaria

A
  • General flushing (redness on eys, face, ears)
  • fever up to 40 degree Celcius
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9
Q

Wet stage of malaria

A

Severe diaphoresis

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10
Q

These three stages occur in a cycle usually on the _______ day.

A

3rd

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11
Q

Rupture of eryhtoricytes that occurs on the 3rd day of malaria

A

malarial cachexia

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12
Q

S/sx of malarial cachexia

A
  • Anemia
  • hepatomegaly
  • splenomegaly
  • jaundice (due to ruptured erythrocytes)
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13
Q

Diagnostic test of malaria

A

Peripheral blood smear

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14
Q

Malaria: It is the quantitative type, knowing the exact number of parasites/protozoa

A

Thick PBS

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15
Q

Malaria: It the qualitative type, knowing what type of parasite/protozoa is present

A

Thin PBS

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16
Q

When does PBS taken?

A

3rd day: At the height of fever

17
Q

Malaria: DOC for pregnant or 1 week before entering endemic areas

A

CHLOROQUININE (ARALEN) 250 mg

18
Q

Malaria: DOC during emergency

A

Quinine 300 mg

WOF: neurologic toxicity: convulsions/seizures

19
Q

Malaria: QUININE
W/F SIGNS OF NEUROLOGIC TOXICITY

A

Disorientation, confusion, convulsion, and seizure

20
Q

Malaria: OTHER DRUGS
AM

A
  • Artemisinin.
  • Mefloquine.
21
Q

Malaria: Drug resistance (DOC: P. Falciparum)

A

Sulfadoxine

22
Q

Malaria: Quinidine & tetracycline consideration

A

Need straw to prevent permanent staining of teeth

23
Q

NURSING MANAGEMENT

A

• TSB (fever, to promote heat loss)

• Increase fluid intake (inc. cardiac output prevent hypovolemia)

• Monitor V/S and signs of bleeding (change in v/s indicates bleeding)

• Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance (wet stage)

• Maintain bed rest until the fever and other symptoms have ceased

• Encourage Iron-rich, (anemia) VIT c (immune sys.)

24
Q

PREVENTION

A
  • Use sprays and wear protective clothing to prevent mosquito bites
  • INSECTICIDE- soaking mosquito net in an insecticide solution and dried
  • Wearing of clothing that covers arms and legs in the evening
  • Avoiding outdoor activities particularly during vector’s peak biting hours (9pm- 3am)
  • Planting of neem tree or other herbal plants
25
Q

Malaria: construction of bio-ponds for larvivorous fish propagation

A

On stream seeding

26
Q

Malaria on-stream seeding:
__________fish/sqm for immediate impact
__________fish/ha: delayed effect

A

2- 4 fish/sqm
200-400 fish/ha

27
Q

Malaria: cutting of vegetation along stream banks to expose the breeding stream to sunlight , rendering it unsuitable for mosquito vector habituation (tall grasses- breeding sites of Malaria)

A

On stream clearing

28
Q

Malaria: the typing of domestic animals like carabao, cow near human dwellings to deviate mosquito bite from human to these animals.

A

Zoo prophylaxis

29
Q

PATHOGENESIS

A
  1. Bite of anopheles mosquito (harbor parasite)
  2. Enter in the blood stream
  3. Colonized and stays for 7-10 days in the liver to grow and multiply
  4. Evades the liver
  5. Invades the heart, lungs, and erythrocytes
  6. Ruptures the erythrocytes
  7. Malarial toxins will release
  8. Increased cytokinin production for inflammatory process
  9. Released of peripheral mononuclear cells
  10. Increased immune to fight the toxins/parasitic infections

COMMUNITY DSE. 1 (19 decks)

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