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LECOM anatomy > major clinical: abdomen > Flashcards

major clinical: abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 F’s for abdominal protrusions

A

fat, feces, fetus, flatus and fluid (+tumors)

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2
Q

where is the gallbladder found via surface anatomy

A

at the intersection of the semilunar line and the 9th costal cartilage

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3
Q

where is the spleen located (surface anatomy)

A

under the 9th-11th ribs on the left side of the midaxillary line

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4
Q

where are the kidneys located (surface anatomy)

A

along the scapular line

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5
Q

what is the dermatome for the xiphoid process

A

T6

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6
Q

what is the dermatome for the umbilicus

A

T10

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7
Q

what is the dermatome for the inguinal ligament

A

L1

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8
Q

how is the cremaster reflex elicited

A

by stroking the medial aspect of the upper thigh

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9
Q

what spinal cord level does the cremaster reflex test

A

L1-2

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10
Q

who are direct inguinal hernias most common in

A

older men with weak abdominal muscles

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11
Q

where do direct inguinal hernias exit the abdomin

A

medial to the inferior epigastric vessels through Hesselbach’s trinagle

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12
Q

what is hesselbachs triangle bound by

A

rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament and inferior epigastric vessels

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13
Q

what are the most common type of abdominal hernias

A

indirect inguinal hernias

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14
Q

where do indirect inguinal hernias leave the abdomen

A

lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels via the deep inguinal ring

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15
Q

where do epigastric hernias occur

A

in the midline between the xiphoid and umbilicus

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16
Q

where do Grynfeltt’s hernias occur

A

at superior lumbar triangle

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17
Q

where doe Petit’s hernias occur

A

inferior lumbar trinagle

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18
Q

what are common signs/symptoms of torsion of the testes

A

sudden testicular enlargement and pain, nausea/vomiting, abnormal cremaster reflex and abnormal positioning of epididymis

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19
Q

what is a collection of blood in the cavity of the tunica vaginalis; trauma to testicular veins

A

hematocele of testis

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20
Q

where do the testes drain their lymph

A

to lumbar (para-aortic) nodes

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21
Q

where does the scrotum drain its lymph

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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22
Q

what is another name for inflammation of the testes

A

orchitis

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23
Q

what is the accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneum

A

ascites

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24
Q

what is culdocentesis

A

removal of fluid from the recto-uterine pouch

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25
Q

when it peritoneal dialysis done

A

with renal failure

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26
Q

what is compression of the 3rd part of the duodenum between the SMA and aorta creating an obstruction; due to insufficient intra-abdominal fat; more common in young, anorexic women

A

wilkie’s (SMA) syndrome

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27
Q

what is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that typically leads to fibrosis and obstructive symptoms (abdominal pain and diarrhea)

A

crohn;s disease

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28
Q

what is indicated at the middle third of a line connecting the ASIS and the umbilicus; used to surgically remove the appendix

A

McBurney’s point

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29
Q

what is a telescoping of a proximal gut segment into the lumen of an adjacent segment; most common in ileocolic region (can result in necrosis)

A

intussusception

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30
Q

what occurs with weakness in puborectalis and pubovaginalis muscles that can result in bulging of the rectal wall into the posterior vaginal wall

A

rectocele

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31
Q

what color are stools in upper GI bleed and what are common causes

A

stool is black; common causes are stomach cancer, ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices

32
Q

what color are the stools with lower GI bleed

A

red or maroon

33
Q

what is the most common site of bowel ischemia

A

splenic flexure

34
Q

where does most of the lymph from the liver drain

A

hepatic nodes which in turn drain into celiac nodes

35
Q

where does lymph from the bare area of the liver drain

A

phrenic nodes and then to posterior mediastinal nodes

36
Q

where does lymph from falciform ligament drain

A

parasternal nodes

37
Q

where does typhoid from round ligament drain

A

around the umbilicus and anterior abdominal wall

38
Q

what are the boundaries of Calot’s triangle

A

cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and base of liver

39
Q

what is pringle’s maneuver

A

clamping vessels of the portal triad to control bleeding during hepatic procedures

40
Q

what does blockage of hepatopancreatic ampulla result in

A

blockage of hepatic and pancreatic secretions

41
Q

what occurs when there is a tear in the intimal/inner layer of the aorta and hemorrhage between the layers of the vessel

A

aortic dissection

42
Q

what are the alternative routes for venous return if IVC obstructed

A

inferior to superior epigastric, superficial epigastric to lateral thoracic, vertebral/lumbar veins to azygos system

43
Q

what is a test used to diagnose dysfunction/contracture of the posts major muscle

A

thomas test

44
Q

what nerve is most commonly injured in inguinal hernia surgery, hysterectomy, appendectomy, abdominal muscle tears and pregnancy

A

iliohypogastric nerve

45
Q

what nerve is most commonly injured during inguinal hernia or other abdominal surgery, pregnancy or placement of femoral catheter

A

ilioinguinal

46
Q

what nerve is most commonly injured during hernia repair, appendectomy, retroperitoneal hematoma

A

genitofemoral nerve

47
Q

where are renal transplants typically placed

A

along the iliac fossa

48
Q

what are the transplanted renal arteries in a transplant anastomosed with

A

internal iliac artery

49
Q

what occurs when there is inferior displacement of the kidney due to insufficient peri-renal adipose tissue; may be associated with flank or groin pain and hematouria

A

nephroptosis

50
Q

where are the ureters constricted (where kidney stone can get lodged)

A

junction of renal pelvis and ureter, crossing the pelvic inlet, passage through wall of bladder

51
Q

what side does the material supply to the abdominal ureter come from

A

medial side

52
Q

where does arterial supply of the pelvic ureter come from

A

lateral side

53
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation of upper and lowe esophagus

A

lower is T5-8; upper is T1-4

54
Q

what is the sympathetic for the stomach/duodenum

A

T5-9

55
Q

what is the sympathetic innveration for the liver and gallbladder

A

T6-9 (right side)

56
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation for the spleen

A

T7-9

57
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation for the pancreas

A

T7-9

58
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation for adrenal medullaT

A

T11-12

59
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation for the midgut

A

T9-11

60
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation for the kidney and upper ureter

A

T10-11

61
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation for the testes

A

T10-11

62
Q

what is the sympathetic for the pelvic organs

A

L1-2

63
Q

what is the dermatome for the suprapubic area

A

T12

64
Q

what is the vertebral level associated with origin of SMA

A

L1

65
Q

what is the vertebral level associated with origin of renal and gonadal arteries

A

L2

66
Q

what structure forms the deep inguinal ring

A

transversals fascia

67
Q

what is the communication between the greater and lesser sacs of the abdomen

A

epiploic foramen

68
Q

what does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain

A

portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

69
Q

what ducts join to form common bile duct

A

cystic and common hepatic

70
Q

what is the origin of the cystic artery

A

right hepatic artery

71
Q

what veins unite to form portal vein

A

splenic and SMV

72
Q

what structures lie posterior to SMA near its origin

A

left renal vein, duodenum

73
Q

what is the termination of the left gonadal vein

A

left renal vein

74
Q

what is the termination of the right gonadal vein

A

IVC

75
Q

what is the location of initial pain of the appendicitis

A

umbilical region

LECOM anatomy (20 decks)

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