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LECOM anatomy > book FC on neck > Flashcards

book FC on neck Flashcards

1
Q

what is the layer of fatty connective tissue that lies between the dermis of the skin and the investing layer of deep cervical fascia

A

cervical subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

what fascial layer is the stylomandibular ligament a thickened modification of

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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3
Q

what space is located between the 2 layers that enclose the SCM

A

suprasternal space

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4
Q

what does the suprasternal space enclose

A

inferior ends of the anterior jugular veins, jugular venous arch, fat and a few deep lymph nodes

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5
Q

what does the pre tracheal layer of deep fascia blend laterally with

A

carotid sheaths

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6
Q

what does the pre vertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia blend with inferiorly

A

endothoracic fascia peripherally and anterior longitudinal ligament centrally

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7
Q

what does the pre vertebral fascia extend laterally as

A

axillary sheath

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8
Q

what is the potential space that consists of loose CT between the visceral part of the pre vertebral layer and the buccopharyngeal fascia

A

retropharyngeal space

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9
Q

what region is the trunks of the brachial plexus and the spinal accessory nerve within

A

occipital triangle (within lateral cervical region)

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10
Q

what is the anterior border of the lateral cervical region

A

posterior border of the SCM

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11
Q

what is the posterior border of the lateral cervical region

A

anterior border of traps

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12
Q

what is the inferior border of the lateral cervical region

A

middle third of the clavicle between the traps and the SCM

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13
Q

what 4 muscles form the floor of the lateral cervical region

A

splenius wapitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene and posterior scalene

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14
Q

what artery lies deep to the omoclavicular triangle

A

subclavian artery

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15
Q

what is the thyrocervical trunk a branch of

A

subclavian artery

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16
Q

what does the cervicodorsal trunk further bifurcate into

A

superficial cervical artery and dorsal scapular artery

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17
Q

what 2 veins join in order to form the EJV

A

posterior division of retromandibular and posterior auricular veins

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18
Q

what 2 veins join in order to form the brachiocephalic vein

A

subclavian and IJV

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19
Q

where doe the 2 veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein

A

at the anterior border of the anterior scalene

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20
Q

describe the position of the cervical plexus

A

anteromedial to the levator scapulae and middle scalene muscles and deep to the SCM

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21
Q

where do the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerge

A

around the middle of the posterior border of the SCM (sometimes called the nerve point of the neck)

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22
Q

compare the crossing of the phrenic nerve on then left and right

A

on the right it crosses anterior to the first part of the subclavian artery; on the left it lies on the anterior scalene muscle and crosses anterior to the second part of the subclavian artery. on both sides, it runs posterior to the subclavian vein and anterior to the internal thoracic artery as it enters the thorax

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23
Q

what disorder causes the head to tilt toward and and the face to turn away from the affected side, due to a fibrous tumor that develops in the SCM

A

torticollis (L. fibromatosis colli)

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24
Q

what is the most commonly iatrogenic nerve injury

A

CN XI (located in lateral cervical region)

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25
Q

where is the anesthetic injected for a cervical plexus block

A

several points along the posterior border of the SCM

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26
Q

what is the main injection site for a supraclavicular brachial plexus flock

A

superior to the midpoint of the clavicle

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27
Q

what does injury to the supra scapular nerve result in

A

loss of lateral rotation of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint (causing the relaxed limb to rotate medially into the waiter’s tip position)

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28
Q

where can the carotid pulse most easily be felt

A

where it lies in a groove between the trachea and the infra hyoid muscles

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29
Q

what muscles cover the brachiocephalic trunk anteriorly

A

right sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles

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30
Q

what are the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery

A

vertebral, internal thoracic and thyrocervical trunk

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31
Q

what is the branch of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery

A

costocervical trunk

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32
Q

what often arises from the 3rd part of the subclavian artery

A

dorsal scapular artery

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33
Q

where does the AJV typically arise

A

near the hyoid from the confluence of superficial submandibular veins

34
Q

what union is typically referred to as the venous angle

A

where the IJV ends posterior to the medial end of the clavicle by uniting with the subclavian vein to for the brachiocephalic angle

35
Q

where does the vagus nerve exit the cranium

A

through the jugular foramen

36
Q

what is the course of the right vagus nerve to enter the thorax

A

passes anterior to the first part of the subclavian artery and posterior to the brachiocephalic vein and SC joint to enter the thorax

37
Q

describe the course of the left vagus nerve to enter the thorax

A

descends between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries and posterior to the SC joint to enter the thorax

38
Q

describe the loop of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

loops inferior to the right subclavian artery at T1-T2 vertebral level

39
Q

describe the loop of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

loops inferior to the arch of the aorta at T4-T5 vertebral level

40
Q

where are the phrenic nerves formed

A

at the lateral borders of the anterior scalene muscles

41
Q

where does the stellate ganglion typically lie

A

anterior to the transverse process of C7

42
Q

what level is the middle cricoid ganglion typically found

A

at the level of the cricoid cartilage and the transverse process of C6 vertebra, just anterior to the vertebral artery

43
Q

what level is the superior cervical ganglion typically found

A

C1 and C2 vertebrae

44
Q

what is horner’s syndrome characterized by

A

contraction of pupil, drooping of the superior eyelid, sinking of the eye, vasodilation and absence of sweating on face and neck

45
Q

what lesion occurs with horner’s syndrome

A

lesion of a cervical sympathetic trunk

46
Q

what vertebral body level is the larynx located at

A

level of vertebral bodies of C3-C6 vertebrae

47
Q

what is the most vital function of the larynx

A

guarding the air passages

48
Q

what are the 3 single cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton

A

thyroid, cricoid and epiglottic

49
Q

what are the 3 paired cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton

A

arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform

50
Q

what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage found opposite of

A

C4 vertebra

51
Q

what is the official name for the opening between the vocal folds

A

rima glottidis

52
Q

what is the thin, submucosal sheet of connective tissue that extends between the lateral aspects of the arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages

A

quadrangular membrane

53
Q

what supplies all of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid

A

the recurrent laryngeal nerve

54
Q

what innervates the cricothyroid

A

Extrinsic laryngeal nerve

55
Q

what are the principle adductors of the larynx

A

lateral crico-arytenoid muscles

56
Q

what muscles pull the arytenoid cartilages together

A

transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles

57
Q

what is the main action of the cricothyroid

A

stretches and tenses the vocal ligament

58
Q

what is the main action of the thyro-arytenoid

A

relaxes vocal ligament

59
Q

what is the main action of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle

A

Abducts vocal folds

60
Q

what is the main action of the lateral crico-arytenoid

A

adducts vocal folds

61
Q

what is the main action of the vocalis

A

relaxes posterior vocal ligament while maintaining (or increasing) tension of the anterior part

62
Q

what are the principle tensors of the larynx

A

crick-thyroid muscles

63
Q

where does lymph superior to the vocal folds typically drain

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

64
Q

where do the lymphatics inferior to the vocal folds drain

A

pre tracheal or paratracheal lymph nodes, which drain into the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

65
Q

what ganglion do the superior laryngeal nerves arise from

A

inferior vagal ganglion at the superior end of the carotid triangle

66
Q

what nerve is the continuation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

inferior laryngeal nerve

67
Q

what does the thyroid ima artery, when present, arise from (typically)

A

brachiocephalic trunk

68
Q

where do accessory thyroid glands typically occur

A

on the thyrohyoid muscle

69
Q

what does goiter result from

A

lack of iodine

70
Q

what is the usual sign of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury

A

hoarseness

71
Q

what typically occurs as a result of laryngeal fractures

A

sub mucous hemorrhage and edema, respiratory obstruction, hoarseness, and sometimes temporary inability to speak

72
Q

what happens to the voice when there is an injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

A

it becomes monotonous due to the paralyzed cricothyroid muscle (it is unable to vary the length and tension of the vocal fold)

73
Q

where is the need inserted for a superior laryngeal nerve block in a conscious person

A

midway between the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid

74
Q

what tonsils are removed with a typical tonsillectomy

A

palatine tonsils

75
Q

what is another name for the pharyngeal tonsils

A

Adenoids

76
Q

what is an abnormal canal that opens internally into the tonsillar sinus and externally on the side of the neck

A

branchial fistula

77
Q

what is the most common birth defect of the esophagus

A

tracheo-esohpageal fistula

78
Q

what lymph nodes are commonly enlarged with esophageal cancer

A

inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

79
Q

where is the lymph from most of the superficial tissues of the neck drained

A

superficial cervical lymph nodes

80
Q

where does lymph from the superior cervical lymph nodes drain

A

inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

81
Q

where does the thoracic duct enter the left brachiocephalic vein

A

at the junction of the subclavian and IJVs (left venous angle)

LECOM anatomy (20 decks)

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