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LECOM anatomy > book FC head > Flashcards

book FC head Flashcards

1
Q

what artery lies beneath the pterion

A

middle meningeal artery

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2
Q

what runs through the foramen magnum

A

spinal cord, meninges, vertebral arteries, anterior/posterior spinal arteries, and CN IX, X, X1

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3
Q

what runs through the foramen cecum

A

nasal emissary vein

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4
Q

what runs through the cribriform foramina in cribriform plate

A

axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that forms olfactory nerves

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5
Q

what runs through the optic canals

A

optic nerve (CN 2) and ophthalmic arteries

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6
Q

what runs through the superior orbital fissure

A

ophthalmic veins; CN 3, 4, V1, and 6

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7
Q

what runs through the foramen rotunda

A

maxillary nerve

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8
Q

what runs through the foramen ovale

A

mandibular nerve and accessory meningeal artery

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9
Q

what runs through the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of V3

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10
Q

what runs through foramen lacerum

A

deep petrosal nerve

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11
Q

what runs through the condylar canal

A

emissary vein

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12
Q

what runs through the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII, CN VIII, and labyrinthine artery

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13
Q

what fractures of the mandible are typically single and uncommon

A

fractures of the coronoid process of the mandible

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14
Q

where do fractures of the body of the mandible typically pass through

A

socket of a canine tooth

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15
Q

what occurs with a craniotomy

A

a section of the neurocranium is elevated or removed

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16
Q

what has occurred when there is a anterior fontanelle that is small or absent, resulting in a long, narrow, wedge-shaped cranium

A

scaphocephaly due to premature closure of the sagittal suture

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17
Q

what occurs when there is a loss of tons of the orbiculares oculi

A

inferior eyelid everts

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18
Q

where is anesthetic injected in order to anesthetize one side of the skin and mucous membrane of lower lip and skin of cheek

A

into the mental foramen

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19
Q

what division of the trigeminal is most oftenly affected with herpes zoster virus infection

A

ophthalmic division

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20
Q

what do lesions near the origin of CN VII from the pons of the brain or proximal to the origin of the greater petrosal nerve result in

A

loss of motor, gustatory (taste) and autonomic functions

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21
Q

what do lesson distal to the geniculate ganglia but proximal to the origin of the chorda tympani nerve produce

A

loss of motor, taste, but lacrimal secretion is not affected

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22
Q

what nerve can be injured most likely with fracture of the temporal bone

A

facial nerve

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23
Q

where do cancer cells of the lateral parts of the lower lip drain

A

submandibular lymph nodes

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24
Q

what layers of the cranial meninges make up the leptomeninx

A

arachnoid and pia mater

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25
Q

what lies in the longitudinal cerebral fissure that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

A

falx cerebri

26
Q

what separates the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum

A

tentorium cerebelli

27
Q

what forms the straight sinus

A

union of the inferior sagittal sinus and the great cerebral vein

28
Q

what connects the dural venous sinuses with the veins outside the cranium

A

emissary veins

29
Q

what is the middle meningeal artery a branch of

A

maxillary artery

30
Q

what foramen does the middle meningeal artery run through

A

foramen spinosum

31
Q

what cranial nerve provides the most innervation to the dura mater

A

trigeminal

32
Q

what typically drains the blood from the medial angle of the eye, nose and lips (inferiorly)

A

facial vein

33
Q

what nerve can likely be injured with tectorial herniation

A

CN III

34
Q

how do the facial veins make clinically important connections with the cavernous sinus

A

through the superior ophthalmic veins

35
Q

what do the vascular and occipital sinuses communicate through

A

foramen magnum with the internal vertebral venous plexuses

36
Q

what cranial nerves lie in or close to the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

A

CN III, CN IV, CN V1, CN V2, and CN VI

37
Q

what is the origin of extradural (epidural) hemorrhage

A

arterial (middle meningeal)

38
Q

what is the origin of dural border hemorrhage

A

venous (superior cerebral vein)

39
Q

what is the origin of subarachnoid hemorrhage typically

A

rupture of a saccular aneurysm (i.e.: of the internal carotid artery)

40
Q

what is the site of choice for cisternal puncture in infants and young children

A

cerebellomedullary cistern

41
Q

what is the site of choice for cisternal puncture in adults

A

lumbar cistern

42
Q

where does blockage typically occur with a obstructive hydrocephalus

A

cerebral aqueduct or inter ventricular foramen

43
Q

what do fractures of the medial wall of the orbit effect

A

ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses

44
Q

what do fractures of the orbital wall sometimes effect

A

maxillary sinus

45
Q

what is the easiest way to enter the orbital cavity for a tumor of the middle cranial fossa

A

superior orbital fissure

46
Q

what nerve is being tested with the blink reflex

A

CN V1

47
Q

what nerve is closely related to the medial aspect of the 3rd molar teeth

A

lingual nerve

48
Q

where does the greater palatine nerve emerge

A

between the 2nd and 3rd molar teeth

49
Q

where does a lingual carcinoma in the posterior tongue metastasize

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides

50
Q

what is access to the deeply placed pterygopalatine fossa gained through

A

maxillary sinus

51
Q

what does the nasolacrimal duct open into

A

inferior part of the inferior nasal meatus

52
Q

what is the chief nerve supply to the postern-inferior portion of the nasal mucosa

A

maxillary nerve via the nasaopalatine nerve

53
Q

what is the chief nerve supply to the anterosuperior portion of the nasal mucosa

A

ophthalmic nerve via the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves (branches of nasociliary nerve)

54
Q

where do the posterior ethmoidal cells open directly into

A

superior meatus

55
Q

where do the middle ethmoidal cells open into

A

directly into middle meatus

56
Q

where do the anterior ethmoidal cells open into

A

directly or indirectly into the middle nasal meatus through the ethmoidal infundibulum

57
Q

where does the maxillary sinus open into

A

middle nasal meatus of the nasal cavity by way of the semilunar hiatus

58
Q

which nasal sinuses are the most commonly infected

A

maxillary

59
Q

how do you manipulate an adult ear during physical exam

A

up, out and back

60
Q

how do you manipulate an infant or child ear during physical exam

A

down and back

61
Q

what is infection of the middle ear typically secondarily due to

A

upper respiratory infections

62
Q

what provides the primary sensory innervation to the external ear

A

CN V and X

LECOM anatomy (20 decks)

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