book FC head Flashcards
what artery lies beneath the pterion
middle meningeal artery
what runs through the foramen magnum
spinal cord, meninges, vertebral arteries, anterior/posterior spinal arteries, and CN IX, X, X1
what runs through the foramen cecum
nasal emissary vein
what runs through the cribriform foramina in cribriform plate
axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that forms olfactory nerves
what runs through the optic canals
optic nerve (CN 2) and ophthalmic arteries
what runs through the superior orbital fissure
ophthalmic veins; CN 3, 4, V1, and 6
what runs through the foramen rotunda
maxillary nerve
what runs through the foramen ovale
mandibular nerve and accessory meningeal artery
what runs through the foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of V3
what runs through foramen lacerum
deep petrosal nerve
what runs through the condylar canal
emissary vein
what runs through the internal acoustic meatus
CN VII, CN VIII, and labyrinthine artery
what fractures of the mandible are typically single and uncommon
fractures of the coronoid process of the mandible
where do fractures of the body of the mandible typically pass through
socket of a canine tooth
what occurs with a craniotomy
a section of the neurocranium is elevated or removed
what has occurred when there is a anterior fontanelle that is small or absent, resulting in a long, narrow, wedge-shaped cranium
scaphocephaly due to premature closure of the sagittal suture
what occurs when there is a loss of tons of the orbiculares oculi
inferior eyelid everts
where is anesthetic injected in order to anesthetize one side of the skin and mucous membrane of lower lip and skin of cheek
into the mental foramen
what division of the trigeminal is most oftenly affected with herpes zoster virus infection
ophthalmic division
what do lesions near the origin of CN VII from the pons of the brain or proximal to the origin of the greater petrosal nerve result in
loss of motor, gustatory (taste) and autonomic functions
what do lesson distal to the geniculate ganglia but proximal to the origin of the chorda tympani nerve produce
loss of motor, taste, but lacrimal secretion is not affected
what nerve can be injured most likely with fracture of the temporal bone
facial nerve
where do cancer cells of the lateral parts of the lower lip drain
submandibular lymph nodes
what layers of the cranial meninges make up the leptomeninx
arachnoid and pia mater
what lies in the longitudinal cerebral fissure that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebri
what separates the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum
tentorium cerebelli
what forms the straight sinus
union of the inferior sagittal sinus and the great cerebral vein
what connects the dural venous sinuses with the veins outside the cranium
emissary veins
what is the middle meningeal artery a branch of
maxillary artery
what foramen does the middle meningeal artery run through
foramen spinosum
what cranial nerve provides the most innervation to the dura mater
trigeminal
what typically drains the blood from the medial angle of the eye, nose and lips (inferiorly)
facial vein
what nerve can likely be injured with tectorial herniation
CN III
how do the facial veins make clinically important connections with the cavernous sinus
through the superior ophthalmic veins
what do the vascular and occipital sinuses communicate through
foramen magnum with the internal vertebral venous plexuses
what cranial nerves lie in or close to the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
CN III, CN IV, CN V1, CN V2, and CN VI
what is the origin of extradural (epidural) hemorrhage
arterial (middle meningeal)
what is the origin of dural border hemorrhage
venous (superior cerebral vein)
what is the origin of subarachnoid hemorrhage typically
rupture of a saccular aneurysm (i.e.: of the internal carotid artery)
what is the site of choice for cisternal puncture in infants and young children
cerebellomedullary cistern
what is the site of choice for cisternal puncture in adults
lumbar cistern
where does blockage typically occur with a obstructive hydrocephalus
cerebral aqueduct or inter ventricular foramen
what do fractures of the medial wall of the orbit effect
ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses
what do fractures of the orbital wall sometimes effect
maxillary sinus
what is the easiest way to enter the orbital cavity for a tumor of the middle cranial fossa
superior orbital fissure
what nerve is being tested with the blink reflex
CN V1
what nerve is closely related to the medial aspect of the 3rd molar teeth
lingual nerve
where does the greater palatine nerve emerge
between the 2nd and 3rd molar teeth
where does a lingual carcinoma in the posterior tongue metastasize
superior deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides
what is access to the deeply placed pterygopalatine fossa gained through
maxillary sinus
what does the nasolacrimal duct open into
inferior part of the inferior nasal meatus
what is the chief nerve supply to the postern-inferior portion of the nasal mucosa
maxillary nerve via the nasaopalatine nerve
what is the chief nerve supply to the anterosuperior portion of the nasal mucosa
ophthalmic nerve via the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves (branches of nasociliary nerve)
where do the posterior ethmoidal cells open directly into
superior meatus
where do the middle ethmoidal cells open into
directly into middle meatus
where do the anterior ethmoidal cells open into
directly or indirectly into the middle nasal meatus through the ethmoidal infundibulum
where does the maxillary sinus open into
middle nasal meatus of the nasal cavity by way of the semilunar hiatus
which nasal sinuses are the most commonly infected
maxillary
how do you manipulate an adult ear during physical exam
up, out and back
how do you manipulate an infant or child ear during physical exam
down and back
what is infection of the middle ear typically secondarily due to
upper respiratory infections
what provides the primary sensory innervation to the external ear
CN V and X
