lect 5-7 abdomen (stomach & small intestine [duodenum, jejunum, and ileum])

Question 1

what is the chief function of the stomach

Answer 1

enzymatic digestion

Question 2

what intercostal space level does the superior part of the fundus typically reach

Answer 2

left 5th intercostal space

Question 3

what indicates the junction of the body and pyloric part of the stomach

Answer 3

angular incisure

Question 4

what forms the longer convex border of the stomach

Answer 4

greater curvature

Question 5

what is the stomach related to anteriorly

Answer 5

diaphragm, left lobe of liver, anterior abdominal wall

Question 6

what is the stomach related to posteriorly

Answer 6

OMENTAL bursa and pancreas

Question 7

what direction do pancreatic pseudo-cysts and abscesses in the mental bursa push the stomach

Answer 7

anteriorly

Question 8

what type of hernia is a protrusion of part of the stomach into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Answer 8

hiatal hernia

Question 9

what type of hernia occurs when the cardia remains in normal position but a pouch of peritoneum that contains part of the fundus extends through the esophageal hiatus anterior to the esophagus

Answer 9

paraesophageal hiatal hernia

Question 10

what arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach

Answer 10

right and left gastric

Question 11

what arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 11

right and left gastroomental arteries

Question 12

what do the fundus and upper body of the stomach receive blood from

Answer 12

short and posterior gastric arteries

Question 13

where do the gastric veins drain into

Answer 13

portal vein

Question 14

where does lymph from the superior 2/3 of the stomach drain

Answer 14

gastric lymph nodes

Question 15

what region of the stomach typically is affected by cancer

Answer 15

pyloric region

Question 16

where do all gastric lymph nodes eventually drain

Answer 16

celiac lymph nodes

Question 17

where is visceral referred pain from a gastric ulcer referred to

Answer 17

epigastric region

Question 18

what level of spinal sensory ganglia do the pain afferents of the stomach arise from

Answer 18

T7 and T8

Question 19

what vertebral level and costal cartilage does the cardiac orifice of the stomach occur

Answer 19

6th left costal cartilage and T11 vertebra

Question 20

what rib does the fundus of the stomach typically lie posterior to

Answer 20

6th rib

Question 21

what vertebral level does the duodenojejunal junction typically occur

Answer 21

left side of L2

Question 22

where does the superior/first part of the duodenum lie in relation to vertebra

Answer 22

lies anterolateral to body of L1 vertebra

Question 23

what vertebral level does the horizontal duodenum occur

Answer 23

L3

Question 24

what is the free part of the duodenum

Answer 24

ampulla

Question 25

what is the superior part of the duodenum overlapped by

Answer 25

liver and gallbladder

Question 26

describe the peritoneality of the descending part of the duodenum

Answer 26

retroperitoneal

Question 27

what is the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery a branch of

Answer 27

superior mesenteric artery

Question 28

what artery do the pyloric lymph nodes lie along

Answer 28

gastroduodenal artery

Question 29

where do efferent lymphatic vessels from the duodenal lymph nodes drain into

Answer 29

celiac lymph nodes

Question 30

where do most duodenal ulcers occur

Answer 30

posterior wall of superior part of duodenum

Question 31

which part of the small intestine has abundant MALT/ payer’s patches

Answer 31

ileum

Question 32

what is the fan-shaped fold of peritoneum that attaches the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 32

The mesentery

Question 33

what artery supplies the jejunum and ileum

Answer 33

superior mesentery artery

Question 34

what are the specialized lymphatic vessels in the intestinal villi that absorb fat

Answer 34

lacteals

Question 35

where do the sympathetic fibers in the nerves to the jejunum and ileum originate

Answer 35

T8-T10 segments of the spinal cord

Question 36

where do the parasympathetic fibers in the nerves to the jejunum and ileum derive from

Answer 36

posterior vagal trunks

Question 37

what does parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation do to the motility of the intestine and secretion

Answer 37

parasympathetic increases it and sympathetic decreases it

Question 38

where does pain arising from the foregut derivatives localize

Answer 38

epigastric region

Question 39

where does pain arising from midgut derivatives localize

Answer 39

periumbilical region

Question 40

where does pain arising from the hindgut derivatives localize

Answer 40

hypogastric region

Question 41

what does malrotation of the midgut result in

Answer 41

several congenital anomalies such as volvulus of the intestine

Question 42

what is ileus often accompanied b

Answer 42

severe colicky pain, abdominal distension, vomiting and often fever and dehydration

Question 43

what embryological remnant occurs with ill diverticulum

Answer 43

proximal part of embryonic yolk stalk

Question 44

where do ileal diverticulum always occur

Answer 44

at site of attachment of the yolk stalk on the anti mesenteric border of the ileum