lect 6 and 7 pelvis (reproductive organs-male & female?) Flashcards
which testes typically hangs more inferior
left
what is the tough fibrous outer surface of the testes
tunica albuginea
what does the tunica albuginea thicken into as a ridge on its internal, posterior aspect
mediastinum of testis
where are sperm produced
seminiferous tubules
what is the network of canals in the mediastinum of the testis
rete testis
what is the closed peritoneal sac that is partially surrounding the testis, representing the closed-off distal part of the embryonic processes vaginalis
tunica vaginalis
what is the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis closely applied to
testis, epididymis, and inferior part of the ductus deferens
where do the testicular arteries arise from
anterolateral aspect of the abdominal aorta just inferior to the renal arteries
what do the veins emerging from the testis and epididymis form
the pampiniform venous plexus
what does the ductus deferens continue from
epididymal duct
where does the spermatic cord begin
deep to the inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
where does the spermatic cord end
in the scrotum at the posterior border of the testis
where does the fascial coverings surrounding the spermatic cord derive from
anterolateral abdominal wall
what is the internal spermatic fascia derived from
transversals fascia
what is the cremasteric fascia derived from
fascia of both the superficial and deep surfaces of the internal oblique muscle
what is the external spermatic fascia derived from
external oblique aponeurosis and its investing fascia
what muscle reflexively draws the testis superiorly into the scrotum, especially in response to cold
cremaster muscle
what is the cremaster muscle innervated by
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
what does the cremasteric artery arise from
inferior epigastric artery
what externally demarcates the septum of the scrotum
scrotal raphe
what is the dartos fascia continuous with
anteriorly with scarpa fascia and posteriorly with collet fascia
what is the membraneous layer of subcutaneous tissue of the perineum
colles fascia
what does the scrotum develop from
labioscrotal swellings
what is the disorder called when the testis has not descending or retracted
cryptorchidism
where do undescended testes typically lie
in the inguinal canal
what is the presence of excess fluid in a persistent processes vaginalis
hydrocele
what is hydrocele often associated with
indirect inguinal hernia
what is a collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis
hematocele of the testes
what is a retention cyst in the epididymis, usually located near the head
spermatocele
what is a vesicular remnant of the cranial end of the paramesonephric duct
appendix of the testis
what side of the body do varicoceles typically occur
left side (because the acute angle at which the right vein enters the IVC is favorable to the angle at which the left testicular vein enters the left renal vein)
where does cancer of the testis typically originate
retroperitoneal lumbar lymph nodes
where does cancer of the scrotum typically originate
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
what is the primary component of the spermatic cord
ductus deferens
how does the ductus deferens penetrate the anterior abdominal wall
via the inguinal canal
how does the ductus deferens end
by joining the duct of the seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct
where do most veins of the ductus deferens drain
testicular vein
where do lymphatics of the ductus deferens end
external iliac lymph nodes
where is the seminal gland/vesicle located
between the fundus of the bladder and the rectum
what 2 things join to form the ejaculatory duct
the duct of the seminal gland and the the ductus deferens
where do the ejaculatory ducts arise
near the neck of the bladder
where do the lymphatic vessels of the ejaculatory ducts drain
into the external iliac lymph nodes
what is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system
prostate
what is the posterior surface of the prostate related to
ampulla of rectum
what is the inferolateral surfaces of the prostate related to
levator ani
what do the prostatic arteries mainly branch from
internal iliac artery
where do the lymphatics of the prostate chiefly drain
internal iliac lymph nodes
what lobe of the prostate typically enlarges the most with hypertrophy of the prostate
middle lobe
what does benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BHP) typically cause as a result
urethral obstruction leading to nocturne, dysuria, and urgency
what do the female internal genital organs include
vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries
what does the superior end of the vagina surround
cervix
what is the vagina related to anteriorly
fundus of the urinary bladder and urethra
what is the vagina related to laterally
levator ani, visceral pelvic fascia, and ureters
what is the vagina related to posteriorly
anal canal, rectum and rectouterine pouch
what are the arteries supplying the superior part of the vagina derived from
uterine arteries
what are the arteries supplying the middle and inferior parts of the vagina derived from
vaginal and internal pudenal arteries
where does lymph from the superior part of the vagina drain
to the internal and external iliac lymph nodes
where does lymph from the middle part of the vagina drain
to the internal iliac lymph nodes
where does lymph from the inferior part of the vagina drain
to the sacral and common iliac nodes
where does lymph from the external orifice of the vagina drain
to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
when may fecal matter be discharged from the vagina
when there is a rectovaginal fistula
what is an incision made through the posterior part of the vaginal fornix in order to drain a pelvic abscess in the rectouterine pouch
culdocentesis
what is the position of the normal adult uterus
anteverted and anteflexed
what 2 main parts can the uterus be divided into typically
body and cervix
what does the uterine cavity continue as inferiorly
fusiform cervical canal
what contraction can lead to cramping during menstrual periods
myometrial contraction
what layer does the blastocyst implant in
endometrium
what are the adult remnants of the ovarian gubernaculum
ligament of the ovary and round ligament
in what mesentery do the uterine tubes lie
mesosalpinx
what mesentery do the ovaries lie within
mesovarium
what provides dynamic support of the uterus
pelvic diaphragm
what happens to the uterus when intra-abdominal pressure is increased
the uterus is pressed against the bladder
what provides passive support to the cervix, making it the least mobile part of the uterus
condensations of endopelvic fascia (ligaments)
