Magmatism(incom)

Question 1

defined as molten
rock material produced by
partial melting of the mantle and
crust. It contains liquids, gases,
crystals and rock fragments.

Answer 1

Magma

Question 2

Temperature increases
with depth, which is called
_. This
increase will obviously
induce melting.

Answer 2

geothermal gradient

Question 3

Decrease in pressure causes
adiabatic decompression. As
pressure is decreased, melting
temperatures of materials
decrease.

Question 4

are substances that evaporate easily and can exist in gaseous form in the surface of Earth

Answer 4

Volatiles

Question 5

Example of volatiles

Answer 5

water and carbon dioxide

Question 6

is the process of reducing a substance’s melting point by introducing impurities. When volatiles are added to rocks, their melting point decreases.

Answer 6

Flux melting

Question 7

When water or carbon dioxide are introduced to rock, flux melting occurs which cause the rock to melt.

Question 8

occurs along plate boundaries or margins and sometimes within the plate.

Answer 8

Magmatism

Question 9

In effect, hot mantle rock penetrates the crust and becomes magma.

Question 10

Plate boundaries can be classified as convergent, divergent, and transform.

Question 11

temperature, pressure, volatiles

Question 12

Classification of Magma

Answer 12

Tholeiitic magmas or tholeiites

Calc-alkaline basalts

Alkaline basalts

Carbonatites

Question 13

are produced by large degree of melting

Answer 13

Tholeiitic magmas or tholeiites

Question 14

form along convergent plate boundaries above subduction zones

Answer 14

Calc-alkaline basalts

Question 15

form from smaller degree of partial melting, which results in alkali-rich and silica depleted magma of diverse compositions

Answer 15

Alkaline basalts

Question 16

are the only magmas that are not produced by silicate source rock

Answer 16

Carbonatites

Question 17

As pressure is decreased, melting temperatures of materials decrease.

Question 18

Magmas are classified according to the ratio between the alkalis and silica content.

Question 19

is the process where magma rises to the surface of the Earth as lava.

It can be viewed as a destructive event as it could damage infrastructures and causes injuries and short-term climate change. It is also a constructive process as seen in the Earth’s early history.

Answer 19

Volcanism

Question 19

is the process where magma rises to the surface of the Earth as lava.

It can be viewed as a destructive event as it could damage infrastructures and causes injuries and short-term climate change. It is also a constructive process as seen in the Earth’s early history.

Answer 19

Volcanism

Question 20

The atmosphere was formed through the release of volcanic gases, and new oceanic crust is continuously produced along mid-oceanic ridges.

Many islands are also formed through volcanic processes

Question 21

a hill or mountain where lava, pyroclastic materials, and gases erupt. It can form along plate boundaries or within the plate.

Answer 21

volcano

Question 22

In divergent plate boundaries, volcanism manifests as ridges or fissures where products of decompression melting erupt.

Answer 22

divergent

Question 23

Convergent plate boundaries host a large number of volcanoes. Lava flows and pyroclastic materials make up these volcanoes.

Answer 23

Convergent

Question 24

may be classified as pahoehoe (pronounced as pah-hoy-hoy) and aa (pronounced as ah-ah)

Question 25

Types of Lava Flows

Answer 25

Pahoehoe Aa

Question 26

has a smooth and ropy surface.

Answer 26

Pahoehoe

Question 26

has a smooth and ropy surface.

Answer 26

Pahoehoe

Question 27

jagged and angular corners.

Answer 27

Aa

Question 28

Lava that solidifies forms volcanic rocks. Minerals comprising these rocks are fine-grained compared with plutonic rocks that are coarser.

Question 29

Example of volcanic rocks

Answer 29

basalt, andesite, and rhyolite.