Lesson 4.2 Flashcards

1
Q

are formed from
solidification of magma or lava
which flows out from depth.

A

Igneous rocks

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2
Q

are the components of almost
all types of igneous rocks.

A

Minerals such as quartz, feldspar,
pyroxene, olivine, amphibole, and
mica

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3
Q

Igneous rocks are
characterized by

A

intergrowth of crystals and/or
volcanic glass.

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4
Q

Crystal size is _
proportional to the cooling
rate of magma.

A

directly

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5
Q

are formed
deep underground,

A

Big crystals

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6
Q

are formed
near the surface.

A

smaller crystals

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7
Q

forms
when magma or volcanic fragments
erupt and solidify on Earth’s surface
which results in very fine-grained
rock with very small crystals that
could not be seen through naked
eye.

also known as a volcanic rock

A

extrusive igneous rock

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8
Q

forms when magma
crystallizes within the crust
and is composed of
medium to coarse grains. It
is also known as a plutonic
rock.

A

intrusive igneous rock

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9
Q

Igneous rocks can be named using the binary system which
is mainly based on its

A

texture
composition

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10
Q

It is directly proportional to the cooling rate of magma. This means that when the crystals are big, it denotes that the rock is formed deep underground
since the magma has a longer trip to the surface giving it longer time to cool down
at a very slow rate. On the other hand, magma cools quickly (fast cooling) near the
surface that causes formation of smaller crystals since it is given few time to form.

A
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11
Q

Crystals form when magma are cooled. A general model is created to show the
progression of silicate crystallization at specific temperature. It is called

A

Bowen’s
reaction series

which is developed by petrologist Norman L. Bowen

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12
Q

2 branchs of bowen’s reaction series

A

discontinuous branch
continuous branch

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13
Q

discontinuous branch

A

olivine
pyroxene
amphibole
biotite mica

old people are boring

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14
Q

continuous branch

A

calcium rich plagioclase feldspar

to sodium rich plagioclase feldspar

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15
Q

3 textures of extrusive igneous rock

A

smooth
full of holes
wit hlarge crystals embedded in a fine ground mass

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16
Q

examples of extrusive igneous

A

obsidian
pumice
andesite

17
Q

two types of intrusive bodies

A

concordant and discordant

18
Q

When the pre-existing rock bed is cut across by an intrusive body

A

concordant

19
Q

while if it runs parallel to the bedrock, igneous rock bodies are called

A

discordant

20
Q

sills

A

concordant

21
Q

dikes and laccolith

A

discordant

22
Q

are large intrusive bodies formed deep within Earth

A

Batholiths

23
Q

textures of igneous rocks

A

aphaneitic
phaneritic
pegmatitic
vesicular
porphyritic
amygdaloidal
pyroclastic

24
Q

has crystals that are too fine-grained to be seen by the naked
eye or even with the help of a hand lens

25
has grains that are coarse enough to be visible to the eye
Phaneritic
26
has crystals are greater than 3 cm due to very slow cooling
Pegmatitic
27
contains tiny holes called vesicles due to gas bubbles in the lava or magma
Vesicular
28
are rocks where larger crystals are embedded in smaller crystals
Porphyritic
29
is when vesicles are filled by low-temperature minerals after the solidification of magma
Amygdaloidal
30
is formed from the consolidation of individual rock fragments that are ejected during a volcanic eruption.
Pyroclastic
31
igneous rock is usually light colored and contains large amounts of quartz, potassium feldspar, and plagioclase. is also called granitic igneous rock
Felsic
32
igneous rock is medium gray or medium green and consists of major minerals like amphibole, plagioclase, and feldspar
Intermediate
33
igneous rock is dark gray to black-colored and composed largely of plagioclase and amphibole with small amounts of olivine. is also called as basaltic igneous rock.
Mafic
34
igneous rock has a very dark green to black shade and consists largely of olivine and pyroxene.
Ultramafic
35
Types of Igneous Rocks Based on Mineral Composition
Felsic Intermediate Mafic Ultramafic