Lesson 4.3

Question 1

were
formed from organic,
mechanical or chemical
sediments.

Answer 1

Sedimentary rocks

Question 2

is
where harden sediments
become sedimentary rocks.

Answer 2

lithification

Question 3

is a collective process where sediments are
lithified (becomes rock)

Answer 3

Diagenesis

Question 4

four main parts

Answer 4

Compaction

Cementation

Recrystallization

Chemical changes(oxidation/reduction)

Question 5

Types of Sedimentary Rock

Answer 5

Non-clastic sedimentary
rocks(biological, chemical, both)

Clastic sedimentary
rocks(coarse, medium, fine, very fine)

Question 6

Non-clastic sedimentary
rocks can be

Answer 6

biological,
chemical, or a
combination of both.

Question 7

are made up of
sediments from
preexisting rocks.

Answer 7

Clastic sedimentary
rocks

Question 8

(over 2 mm)

Answer 8

coarse

Question 9

(1/16 to 2 mm)

Answer 9

medium

Question 10

(1/16 to 1/256 mm)

Answer 10

fine

Question 11

(< 1/256 mm)

Answer 11

very fine

Question 12

are lithified accumulation of
dead organisms.

ex coal, limestone

Answer 12

Biological sedimentary rocks

Question 13

form from chemical
precipitation

ex rock salt

Answer 13

Chemical sedimentary rocks

Question 14

is when sediments are smashed together.

Answer 14

compaction

Question 15

Since most
sediments can be found in water, water molecules are present in between particles.
The various dissolved minerals present in the surrounding water will eventually fall
out and attach to the sediment grains. Therefore, _ acts as glue that
binds the particles together.

Answer 15

cementation

Question 16

Ions of chlorine, magnesium, potassium, calcium, carbonate, sodium, and sulfate
are commonly dissolved in seawater. However, others such as silica and
phosphorus which contributes to the make up of sedimentary rock are only found
in trace amounts in seawater. These ions will _ to form a rock after the
water evaporates.

Answer 16

crystallize

Question 17

Biological precipitation of the decayed shells of microorganisms form the carbonate
sediments. Through inorganic processes, other calcium-rich and bicarbonate-rich
chemical sediments are precipitated as calcium carbonate and carbonic acid.
However, these processes are less common.

Biological precipitation of the decayed shells of microorganisms form the carbonate
sediments. Through inorganic processes, other calcium-rich and bicarbonate-rich
chemical sediments are precipitated as calcium carbonate and carbonic acid.
However, these processes are less common.

Question 18

When preexisting rocks are physically weathered and eroded, they form sediments
called

which are composed of individual minerals or rock
fragments

Answer 18

clasts or detritus

Question 19

the clastic sedimentary rocks. The components of these rocks are called _ if minerals

Answer 19

grains

Question 20

the clastic sedimentary rocks. The components of these rocks are called _ if pieces of rocks

Answer 20

fragments

Question 21

refers to the amount of sediments it can carry

Answer 21

Stream capacity

Question 22

refers to the sizes of the sediments

Answer 22

competence

Question 23

gravel rounded, gravel angular

sand

silt

clay

Answer 23

conglomerate

breccia

sandstone

siltstone

shale