Lesson 4.3 Flashcards
were
formed from organic,
mechanical or chemical
sediments.
Sedimentary rocks
is
where harden sediments
become sedimentary rocks.
lithification
is a collective process where sediments are
lithified (becomes rock)
Diagenesis
four main parts
Compaction
Cementation
Recrystallization
Chemical changes(oxidation/reduction)
Types of Sedimentary Rock
Non-clastic sedimentary
rocks(biological, chemical, both)
Clastic sedimentary
rocks(coarse, medium, fine, very fine)
Non-clastic sedimentary
rocks can be
biological,
chemical, or a
combination of both.
are made up of
sediments from
preexisting rocks.
Clastic sedimentary
rocks
(over 2 mm)
coarse
(1/16 to 2 mm)
medium
(1/16 to 1/256 mm)
fine
(< 1/256 mm)
very fine
are lithified accumulation of
dead organisms.
ex coal, limestone
Biological sedimentary rocks
form from chemical
precipitation
ex rock salt
Chemical sedimentary rocks
is when sediments are smashed together.
compaction
Since most
sediments can be found in water, water molecules are present in between particles.
The various dissolved minerals present in the surrounding water will eventually fall
out and attach to the sediment grains. Therefore, _ acts as glue that
binds the particles together.
cementation
Ions of chlorine, magnesium, potassium, calcium, carbonate, sodium, and sulfate
are commonly dissolved in seawater. However, others such as silica and
phosphorus which contributes to the make up of sedimentary rock are only found
in trace amounts in seawater. These ions will _ to form a rock after the
water evaporates.
crystallize
Biological precipitation of the decayed shells of microorganisms form the carbonate
sediments. Through inorganic processes, other calcium-rich and bicarbonate-rich
chemical sediments are precipitated as calcium carbonate and carbonic acid.
However, these processes are less common.
Biological precipitation of the decayed shells of microorganisms form the carbonate
sediments. Through inorganic processes, other calcium-rich and bicarbonate-rich
chemical sediments are precipitated as calcium carbonate and carbonic acid.
However, these processes are less common.
When preexisting rocks are physically weathered and eroded, they form sediments
called
which are composed of individual minerals or rock
fragments
clasts or detritus
the clastic sedimentary rocks. The components of these rocks are called _ if minerals
grains
the clastic sedimentary rocks. The components of these rocks are called _ if pieces of rocks
fragments
refers to the amount of sediments it can carry
Stream capacity
refers to the sizes of the sediments
competence
gravel rounded, gravel angular
sand
silt
clay
conglomerate
breccia
sandstone
siltstone
shale
