Lesson 3.3

Question 1

the fluctuating state of the atmosphere over a short period of time.

Describing it includes stating the temperature, wind speed and direction,
type of precipitation, and type of clouds.

Answer 1

Weather

Question 2

is the average weather over a certain period and area.
It varies depending on latitude, distance to large bodies of water, and geography.
The _ system of Earth is an interactive system consisting of the interactions of
the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.

Answer 2

Climate

Question 3

considered the most uneven, unstable, and fast-changing part
of the climate system

Answer 3

atmosphere

Question 4

Nitrogen (N​2

) is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere,

followed by oxygen (O​2

). These gases do not have significant interaction with the
radiation from the sun.

Question 5

water vapor (H​2O), carbon
dioxide (CO​2), methane (CH​4), nitrous oxide (N​2O,) and ozone (O​3) absorb and emit radiation

these trace gases are called _ _

Answer 5

​greenhouse gases​

Question 6

Greenhouse gases tend to increase the temperature of Earth’s surface because
they absorb the outgoing radiation from the surface and reemit them into the
atmosphere.

Answer 6

Atmospheric condition is affected by the greenhouse gases present,
especially water vapor.

Question 7

is considered as the primary greenhouse gas because it
is the most variable component of the atmosphere.

Answer 7

Water vapor

Question 8

Water in the atmosphere
undergoes different phase changes such as _, _, and
_. The transitions between these phases result in continuous absorption
and emission of energy in the atmosphere.

Answer 8

evaporation

condensation

sublimation

Question 9

influences the climate system by storing and transporting large
amounts of energy. The oceans, which cover approximately 70% of Earth’s surface,
act as climate regulator because they strongly influence the temperature changes.
These oceans absorb the majority of sunlight that reaches Earth’s surface.

The hydrosphere influences the climate system by storing and releasing large
amounts of energy in the oceans, which act as climate regulators.

Answer 9

hydrosphere

Question 10

tropical cyclone/typhoon

Question 11

_ and _ at the land surface of the geosphere affect climate by
controlling how much energy received from the sun is returned to the environment.
Soil moisture greatly affects surface temperature because the evaporation of water
from the soil requires energy.

Answer 11

Soil and vegetation

Question 12

The part of the geosphere that affects climate is the

Answer 12

crust

Question 13

the
description of the surface feature of the land affects the wind that blows on the
land surface

Answer 13

topography

Question 14

An area may be a part of any of the different landforms, such as
plains, hills, valleys, and mountains. A mountain range may block the path of low
altitude clouds, affecting the weather in surrounding areas. The temperature at sea
level may also differ from the temperature on elevated places. Dust from land may
also be blown into the atmosphere and may interact with the radiation.

Answer 14

The different landforms affect the climate by acting as physical barriers for
clouds and storms, and when dust is blown into the atmosphere and affect
the amount of radiation from the sun

Question 15

The biosphere has significant effect on the atmosphere’s composition.
Photosynthesis allows the release of oxygen and uptake of carbon dioxide; hence,
organisms take part in the exchange of greenhouse gases. Removing large number
of plants and trees in an area can cause increase in free carbon dioxide due to less
plant absorbers. In long term, this may affect the climate over the area. This usually
occurs in highly urbanized areas, especially ones with industrial facilities, such as
factories and manufacturing plants.