Macronutrients - Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins?
Important structural molecules.
What are proteins involved in?
In all metabolic processes.
What do proteins generate?
Motion
What are some proteins?
Hormones
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers released by cells that influence other cells to act.
What are some other functions of proteins? (7 points)
- Control of chemical reactions.
- Movement
- Transporting oxygen.
- Structure
- Hormones (chemical messengers)
- Defense
- Source of Energy
What is an example of the protein function of controlling chemical reactions?
Digestive Chemicals
What is an example of the protein function of movement?
Myosin, in muscle cells.
What is an example of the protein function of transporting oxygen?
Hemoglobin, in red blood cells.
What is an example of the protein function of structure?
Collagen, in muscles and connective tissue; keratin in hair and nails.
What is an example of the protein function of hormones (chemical messengers)?
Human growth hormone.
What is an example of the protein function of defence?
Antibodies produced by the immune system.
What is an example of the protein function of being a source of energy?
Excess proteins from diet.
What are proteins made of?
Long chains of amino acids.
What are proteins highly variable in?
Size and shape
Different what are used to build proteins and how many are there?
20 different amino acids are used to build proteins.
How many amino acids can be made by the body? How many amino acids have to be obtained from the diet?
12 can be made by the body; the other 8 must be obtained from the diet (essential amino acids).
What are some food sources of protein? (8 points)
- Meat
- Eggs
- Fish
- Cheese
- Beans
- Lentils
- Seeds
- Nuts
What do animal proteins contain?
All 8 essential acids.
What do plant proteins lack?
At least one one of those 8 essential acids.
What does animal muscle have a higher concentration of compared to plants?
Proteins
What does 60 g of protein (meat) equal?
15 cups of raw vegetables.
What forms a small portion of energy in the diet?
Proteins
Why do proteins form a small portion of energy in the diet?
Because they have so many important functions.
What percentage of your average energy requirements should come from protein?
Approximately 10%-30% of your average energy requirements should come from protein.
