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SBI3U - Biology: Digestive System > Macronutrients - Proteins > Flashcards

Macronutrients - Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What are proteins?

A

Important structural molecules.

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2
Q

What are proteins involved in?

A

In all metabolic processes.

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3
Q

What do proteins generate?

A

Motion

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4
Q

What are some proteins?

A

Hormones

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5
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers released by cells that influence other cells to act.

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6
Q

What are some other functions of proteins? (7 points)

A
  • Control of chemical reactions.
  • Movement
  • Transporting oxygen.
  • Structure
  • Hormones (chemical messengers)
  • Defense
  • Source of Energy
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7
Q

What is an example of the protein function of controlling chemical reactions?

A

Digestive Chemicals

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8
Q

What is an example of the protein function of movement?

A

Myosin, in muscle cells.

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9
Q

What is an example of the protein function of transporting oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin, in red blood cells.

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10
Q

What is an example of the protein function of structure?

A

Collagen, in muscles and connective tissue; keratin in hair and nails.

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11
Q

What is an example of the protein function of hormones (chemical messengers)?

A

Human growth hormone.

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12
Q

What is an example of the protein function of defence?

A

Antibodies produced by the immune system.

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13
Q

What is an example of the protein function of being a source of energy?

A

Excess proteins from diet.

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14
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Long chains of amino acids.

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15
Q

What are proteins highly variable in?

A

Size and shape

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16
Q

Different what are used to build proteins and how many are there?

A

20 different amino acids are used to build proteins.

17
Q

How many amino acids can be made by the body? How many amino acids have to be obtained from the diet?

A

12 can be made by the body; the other 8 must be obtained from the diet (essential amino acids).

18
Q

What are some food sources of protein? (8 points)

A
  • Meat
  • Eggs
  • Fish
  • Cheese
  • Beans
  • Lentils
  • Seeds
  • Nuts
19
Q

What do animal proteins contain?

A

All 8 essential acids.

20
Q

What do plant proteins lack?

A

At least one one of those 8 essential acids.

21
Q

What does animal muscle have a higher concentration of compared to plants?

A

Proteins

22
Q

What does 60 g of protein (meat) equal?

A

15 cups of raw vegetables.

23
Q

What forms a small portion of energy in the diet?

A

Proteins

24
Q

Why do proteins form a small portion of energy in the diet?

A

Because they have so many important functions.

25
Q

What percentage of your average energy requirements should come from protein?

A

Approximately 10%-30% of your average energy requirements should come from protein.

SBI3U - Biology: Digestive System (52 decks)

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