macromolecules- molecules and cells

Question 1

what is a macromolecule

Answer 1

large complex molecule consisting of large number of molecules e.g lipids, proteins, nucleic acid and synthetic polymers.
made up of small subunits called monomers

Question 2

how are monomers linked

Answer 2

polymerisation reactions
either condensation (water or small molecule removed) or addition (monomers added together)

Question 3

why are the arrangement and sequence of monomers important

Answer 3

they determine the function and property of the macromolecule

Question 4

carbohydrates info dump

Answer 4

-made up of simple sugars like glucose or complex polysaccharides like cellulose and starch
-provide energy for cell
-made up of C,H,O
-helps with cell structure and communication

Question 4

what are the types of macromolecules

Answer 4

proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates

Question 5

lipids info dump

Answer 5

-made up of fatty acids
-hydrophobic
-includes carotenoids, steroids, phospholipids and triglycerides
-s,c and fats are encompassed in lipids
-steroids are responsible for regulatory functions
fats store energy
-phospholipids are responsible for cell membrane

Question 6

proteins info dump

Answer 6

-made up of amino acid monomers
-structural proteins help with cell structure
-transport proteins help with moving molecules around the body
-enzymes speed up chem reactions (bio catalysts)
-antibodies defend against pathogens

Question 7

nucleic acid info dump

Answer 7

-made up of dna and rna (polymers of nucleotides)
- involved in protein synthesis
-consists of genetic info abut the cell
-made up of nucleotides

Question 8

what is the monomer of a macromolecule called

Answer 8

micromolecule

Question 9

examples of micromolecules

Answer 9

protein = amino acid
lipids = fatty acid and glycerol
nucleic acid = nucleotides
carbohydrates = monosaccharides

Question 10

function of lipids

Answer 10

-store energy for later use
-provide thermal insulation and cushioning for organs
-provide support for cell membrane (phospholipids)

Question 11

function of carbohydrates

Answer 11

-provide quick energy
-provide support for cell structure (cell wall in plants and exoskeleton in arthropods)

Question 12

function of proteins

Answer 12

-helps catalyse reactions
-provide structural and transport support

Question 13

function of nucleic acid

Answer 13

-consists of hereditary info
-used as a guide in the production of a protein